I could line the shot up perfectly vertically but had to guess horizontally. No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A little while later, I saw soldiers from the second platoon on the mountain near the cave. I looked through the scope on the 106 and could see Purple Heart Mountain. In 1998, Thompson and two other members of his crew received the Soldiers Medal, the U.S. Armys highest award for bravery not involving direct contact with the enemy. Since there were no roads, I was assigned as a squad leader on the 81mm mortars. On Feb. 16, 1967, I was wounded while taking part in Operation Sam Houston in Kontum Province. RF JTNXCX - Four Vietnamese and three Americans were killed, and dozens of Vietnamese buildings were heavily damaged during a Viet Cong bomb attack against a multi-story U.S. officers billet in Saigon. The Viet Cong attacked close to midnight on 10 June 1965, letting loose a 200-round barrage of 60mm mortars followed by a wave of hundreds of Viet Cong attacking the walls of the compound.. Four, kicked a-lot ass The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. Davis leads assault in the early morning at Bong Song, clearing an enemy headquarters hut. Four things you didnt know about Colin Powell. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Which American soldiers were most feared by the Vietcong during - Quora Posted on May 7, 2013. After recovering from my wound, I taught basic trainees at Fort Knox. 1) One of the more amazing stories to emerge from the eight-year secret war during the Vietnam War took place on October 5 . According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. Most of the area consisted of rice paddies. The My Lai massacre is often held to have been an aberration but. Our first operation, Operation Seward, took place in the vicinity of Tuy Hoa. The coverup of the My Lai Massacre continued until Ron Ridenhour, a soldier in the 11th Brigade who had heard reports of the massacre but had not participated, began a campaign to bring the events to light. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. Transcript of 1994 Tulane University My Lai Conference. Biden awards Medal of Honor to Black Vietnam War hero after paperwork [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. The Scene of the Crime, by Seymour Hersh. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. 1) | SOFREP. The Heroes of My Lai. The Viet Cong Were Shooting Down Americans From a Cave Until This GI Our 9 best-selling history titles feature in-depth storytelling and iconic imagery to engage and inform on the people, the wars, and the events that shaped America and the world. The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. It seems that the author was likely part of the cavalry platoon as . In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. Over a mile away loomed a large mountain we soon named Purple Heart Mountainour company had several soldiers killed on missions around that summit. BBC News. The U.S. estimated more than 100,000 PAVN killed in the offensive. Although that is no bad thing, it also demonized General Nguyen Ngoc Loan, which was something Eddie Adams was extremely sorry for. We make safe shipping arrangements for your convenience from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. [62], According to American writer Joseph Babcock, the Vietnamese government estimated 300,000 PAVN/VC missing-in-action (MIA) in 2019, but that the real number of MIA is widely believed to be closer to 500,000 people, whose bodies were either never found or buried anonymously and never identified. Capt. [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. Capt. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. The Viet Cong Committed Atrocities, Too - The New York Times Hugh Thompson, the helicopter pilot who stopped the My Lai massacre, later told the news program "60 Minutes" that he was ostracized and received death threats upon his return from Vietnam. The image of Lem's execution, and public reaction to it, played a small role in bringing the Vietnam War to an end. Army officials said they cannot determine whether any records were lost, or under what circumstances. U.S. military advisers, present in small numbers throughout the 1950s, were introduced on a large scale beginning in 1961, and active combat units were introduced in 1965. The struggle started with communists fighting the French colonial power in the 1940s, then the US military intervened in 1965. 1 went to vietnam 2 killed the viet cong - maacjamshedpur.com As Billy Cole, Davis' commanding officer, arrives on the battlefield, Cole spots Davis carrying Waugh fireman-style. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. On 24 October 1966, 1st Lt. John F. Cochrane of the 409th Radio Research Detachment (RRD), 303d Radio Research Battalion, was killed by a Viet Cong sniper while looking for a suitable site to set . This US soldier 'found alive' in Vietnam 44 years after being left behind By the time the My Lai massacre ended, 504 people were dead. He got on the radio and I was given permission to try. Roughly speaking, what was the Viet Cong/US Army kill ratio in Vietnam? Paris Davis, Black Green Beret in Vietnam, Finally Awarded Medal of US jobless claims climb for first time in 5 weeks, to 353,000. He refused. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. The us troops who followed down those holes were called tunnel rats. Once I had the shot lined up, we loaded a 35-pound white phosphorus round into the gun. Album: Run to Cadence with the U.S. Marines, Vol. [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. 250,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam. The Australian SASR first came in contact with the enemy in May, 1966, when they met a Viet Cong force in the area around Nui Dat. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. War and Conflict, The Vietnam War, pic: December 1967, Bu Dop, South Vietnam, American soldiers if the 1st US, Infantry Division carry away a wounded. 1/35 viet cong for sale | eBay By the early 1970s, the American war effort in Vietnam was winding down, as the Nixon administration continued its Vietnamization policy, including the withdrawal of troops and the transfer of control over ground operations to the South Vietnamese. But according to Davis, requests for his award to be upgraded to a Medal of Honor were inexplicably lost by the Army twice over the years. Kill Three! Where: In Cholon, the Chinese section of Saigon, Vietnam. The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. This led to increased racial tension in the military. Just in the U.S., "more than 58,000 American soldiers were killed while more than 150,000 others wounded". Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Association between Agent Orange and birth defects: systematic review and meta-analysis", "The History, Toxicity and Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects Related to the Use of Agent Orange", http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/POLS6016_65225, Story of Tiger Force atrocities had to be told, "On War extra Vietnam's massacre survivors", Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda, "Anatomy of US and South Korean Massacres in the Vietnamese Year of the Monkey, 1968 | Japan Focus", "VIETNAM KILLINGS LAID TO KOREANS (Published 1970)", "The 'forgotten' My Lai: South Korea's Vietnam War massacres", "Citizens' court to investigate Vietnam War atrocities committed by South Korean troops", "Chuyn 4 CNG TC TM KIM, QUY TP HI CT LIT S T NAY N NM 2020 V NHNG NM TIP THEO, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qun%20l%20ch%20o/Chuyn%20%204.doc", "Lost Souls: The Search for Vietnam's 300,000 or More MIAs", 300.000 lit s cha xc nh danh tnh l ni trn tr ln, "North Vietnamese Army's 1972 Eastertide Offensive", i tng V Nguyn Gip vi cng tc hu cn qun i, "2021 NAME ADDITIONS AND STATUS CHANGES ON THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL", "US Military Operations: Casualty Breakdown", "Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Vietnam (PMSEA) Report for CIVILIAN (Unaccounted For)", "Capture Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Vietnam (PMSEA) Report for CIVILIAN (Accounted For Identified Since 1973)", "Vietnam-era unaccounted for statistical report", "Vietnam Prisoners of War Escapes and Attempts", http://www.dtic.mil/dpmo/vietnam/reports/pmsea_escapee.pdf, "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics", "Learning from America's Wars, Past and Present U.S. Battlefield Medicine Has Come a Long Way, from Antietam to Iraq", "African-Americans In Combat | History Detectives | PBS", "Vietnam War Bomb Explodes Killing Four Children", Vietnam: Report Details Unexploded Ordnance, "Vietnam War Bombs Still Killing People 40 Years Later", "U.S. in first effort to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam", "U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam", "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia", "KOREA military army official statistics, AUG 28, 2005", "Australian servicemen listed as missing in action in Vietnam", https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&lpg=PA53&dq=the%20encyclopedia%20of%20the%20vietnam%20war%20page%2064&pg=PA176&output=embed, "POW Remembers McCain and Tapping Through Walls in Hanoi Prison", "New Zealand Rolls Of Honour By Conflict", "Overview of the war in Vietnam | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War", "America Wasn't the only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War", "Vietnam Reds to hold 17 From Taiwan as Spies", https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/nhung-chuyen-gia-quan-su-lien-xo-trong-khang-chien-chong-my-1796800.html, Vietnamese Casualties During the American war, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_War_casualties&oldid=1142439670, includes an estimated 50,000/65,000/70,000 civilians killed by U.S/SVN bombing/shelling, includes 360,000/391,000/720,000 civilians, 25,000/50,000/75,000 killed in North Vietnam, 106,000/164,000/227,000 killed in South Vietnam. The villagers were rounded up into groups as the soldiers inspected their huts. . [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. Doanh nghip Nga nh gi cao tim nng thng mi-u t vi Vit Nam "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) Vietnam war dead viet cong Stock Photos and Images - Alamy [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. Went to viet Nam Two! All of them were listed on the Vietnam War Memorial located in Washington D.C. "They gave us some information -- exactly where the preponderance of the troops were. [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. They were shooting women and children just like anybody else, Sgt. But in 1998, Thompson attended a memorial service at My Lai on the 30th anniversary of the massacre. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. These Australian special operators haunted the enemy in Vietnam 207 Vietnam War Casualties Premium High Res Photos Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. Vietnam - The two Vietnams (1954-65) - Britannica Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' Kill Two! The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. May 28, 2016 12 PM PT. Army Special Forces vet Paris Davis has waited almost 60 years to be recognized. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. [2], Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 19651974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. Two hundred and forty-five Vietnamese dead were found on the battlefield, with captured documents later suggesting hundreds more had been killed or wounded. Lm, who. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 1967-1972, about 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. '", A colonel by the time he retired from the Army, Davis' first name "Paris" is inspired by the mythological figure featured in Homer's epic war poem "The Iliad.". [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. [11], Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its estimated losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead or missing, U.S body count figures had actually underestimated enemy losses. The Vietnam War Flashcards | Quizlet The horrific events are known as the Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of read more, The Boston Massacre was a deadly riot that occurred on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. The following day, I asked a guy from second platoon if they went into the cave and if I had taken out the VC machine gun crew. One! Vietnam War | Facts, Summary, Years, Timeline, Casualties - Britannica Congress authorized troop deployment in Vietnam, but, because it did not issue a declaration of war on North Vietnam or the Viet Cong, the Vietnam War is, technically speaking, not considered a war in the United States. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. Between 1965 and 1972 there were 46 SEALs killed in Vietnam. Heavy street fighting had pitched Saigon into chaos when South Vietnamese military caught a suspected Viet Cong squad leader, Nguyen. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). Skip to main content Shop by category Shop by category Enter your search keyword harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. Diem Cancels the Election Perceiving Ho Chi Minh`s boundless fame, South Vietnam's leader, Ngo Dinh Diem a solid enemy of Communist, would not participate in the countrywide elec-tion of 1956. These numbers do not include civilian and ARVN military deaths result from the communist mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Four, Louder The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. The Things They Carried: Summary & Analysis | The Man I Killed and When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. Viet Cong officer is shot in the head; iconic photo taken I was promoted to Staff Sgt. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. I served in the Army for three years. -Attack by VC and NVA. Paris Peace Accords signed - HISTORY The Massacre at My Lai, by Seymour Hersh. NVA General to SOG: We Suffered 90 Percent Casualties (Pt. It was a fraction of a second that jolted Americans' view of the Vietnam War. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. Rats were given a mx99 flashlight and a 45 and sent in to flush out the enemy. While I was in training, my motivation was to get these wings and I wear them today proudly, the airman recalled in 2015. During the war, the United States lost 58,220 military personnel, in which 47,434 were killed in action while 10,786 died by other causes 3. By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. what is a blind trust for lottery winnings; [69], There has been considerable controversy about the exact numbers of deaths inflicted on the Communist side by U.S. and allied South Vietnamese forces. [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, the PAVN suffered over 100,000 casualties during the 1972 Easter Offensive, including 40,000 killed. Lewy reduced the number of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) battle deaths claimed by the U.S. by 30 percent (in accordance with the opinion of United States Department of Defense officials), and assumed that one third of the reported battle deaths of the PAVN/VC may have actually been civilians. From there, the Aussies spread their recon patrol range by several kilometers. https://www.historynet.com/vietnam-recoilless-rifle/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, When 21 Sikh Soldiers Fought the Odds Against 10,000 Pashtun Warriors, Few Red Tails Remain: Tuskegee Airman Dies at 96. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. Two dash (two dash) On the night of November 1-2 . One, went to Vietnam 1965 Qui Nhn hotel bombing - Wikipedia A South Vietnamese plane seeking Vietcong hiding places accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on civilians and government troops instead. Jim Liles is a retired law enforcement officer who worked for the Covington Police Department in Kentucky for 27 years and spent four years running a four-county Drug Strike Force. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." Two, Louder He thought through my training and the way that I handled myself that I could handle being in a situation where there were more enemies than there were friends," Davis told ABC News during an interview Thursday. [68] Per the official Vietnamese history, over 10,000 more PAVN soldiers were killed in the final offensive of early 1975. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. The Vietnam war took a major death toll in Vietnam, United States, South Korea, Thailand, New Zealand, and Australia. In 1965, already having served in Korea and Vietnam, Davis was told by his company commander he was destined for the treacherous Binh Dinh province. But I kicked a lot of ass, and Four! [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. Number Two Son got it that same year, Tough Vietnam War Photos That Will Stick In Your Mind (48 Pics) - Atchuup The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The operation killed 23 U.S. servicemen, seven Vietnamese civilians, and two of the Viet Cong attackers. When the noncompliant enemy rallied with a counteroffensive, a bleeding Davis led a small team onward, destroying gun emplacements and earning more captives, the Army said. The letter was written on February 2, 1968.) U.S. MARINE CORPS - DELAYED RECON CADENCE COUNT LYRICS - SongLyrics.com The United States additionally detected that a countrywide political decision could spell triumph for Ho Chi Minh and upheld dropping races. Paris Davis, Black Green Beret in Vietnam, Finally Awarded Medal of Honor at White House President Joe Biden awards the Medal of Honor to retired Army Col. Paris Davis for his heroism during the. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. The total number of officer casualties, commissioned and warrant, are 7,877. . 55 Incredible Black and White Photos of Vietnam War Webb kept going . Viet Cong (VC) operatives detonated explosive charges causing the entire building to collapse. I joined the Army on June 27, 1965, at age 17, two weeks after I graduated high school in Newport, Ky. For the next 77 days, U.S. read more, The Orangeburg Massacre occurred on the night of February 8, 1968, when a civil rights protest at South Carolina State University (SC State) turned deadly after highway patrolmen opened fire on about 200 unarmed black student protestors. "He said, 'You know you're disobeying an order?' "[56] Investigations by Korean civic groups have alleged that at least 9,000 civilians were massacred by ROK forces. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. [7], R. J. Rummel's mid-range estimate in 1997 was that the total deaths due to the Vietnam War totaled 2,450,000 from 195475. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. What Happened in Kerry's Vietnam Battles? - ABC News 1 went to vietnam 2 killed the viet cong When all three sons went and joined the Corps. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The number of Vietnamese people died in the Vietnam war The two countries finally resumed formal diplomatic relations in 1995. Then a 26-year-old captain, Paris Davis, now 83, led a company tearing through a larger enemy force, pushing the attack despite being shot, absorbing shrapnel and another bullet to get wounded comrades to safety, refusing to join them on the evacuation helicopter, choosing rather to stay and continue destroying the remaining adversaries. Battle of Khe Sanh: Greatest U.S. Victory in Vietnam - HistoryNet Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. He was quoted as saying, The General killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera. Black Vietnam veteran finally awarded Medal of Honor for bravery troops. In late 1967, when Mathews . summerizers for us history.pdf - Diem Cancels the Election Causes Among the U.S. Armys internal investigators of the My Lai massacre was Major Colin Powell, who later became Secretary of State under President George W. Bush. November 2, 2021 . Drug and alcohol use increased among soldiers, and an official report in 1971 estimated that one-third or more of U.S. troops were addicted. Picture Taken: Feb 1, 1968. Thompson and his crew flew dozens of survivors to receive medical care. 1 went to vietnam 2 killed the viet congis sea bass a bony fish to eat. Vietnam: The Real War - in pictures | Art and design | The Guardian

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