Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation pp 87110Cite as, Part of the Citizenship, Gender and Diversity book series (FEMCIT). There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. Individuals may not be voting on individual issues within a representative democracy, but they can still have their opinions heard. In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. Pages 491-507. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. Representing Diversity. The actual empirical variation and the detailed characteristics of state feminism around the globe are different matters and not the topic of this chapter. Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. The diversity of the country is not reflected in the U.S. Congress, whose current membership is approximately 80 percent male, 82 percent white, and 92 percent Christian. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. The concept of representation. PDF Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice Feminism, epistemology and morality. Cambridge: Polity Press. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Fraser, N. (2013). Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. Goodin, R. 2004. The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. Guinier, L. (1994). In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. Congress is also overwhelmingly Christian. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. 1. Institutionalizing intersectionality. Youve probably heard readers make that comment. Peter, F. (2011). In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. (1998). Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of Purposive Sampling Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. From class actions to Miss Saigon. Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. . Swain, C. M. (1993). Highlight the major advantages and disadvantages of the product, process, strategy, idea, etc. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . A contingent yes. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African American representatives also began to enter Congress in increasing numbers. The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Proportional representation (PR) is an electoral system that tries to create a representative body that better reflects all of the citizens' interests in an electorate or voting district. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? New York: Oxford University Press. She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. Pros of Representative Democracy. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). (1995). 26 ubat 2021 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Companies use descriptive research analysis, but it has both advantages and disadvantages. Lafont, C. (2006). Saskatchewan Schools; Research Methods in Psychology; Dr. Mark Burgess and Dr. Stephen Kemp. Grofman, B. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Bicameral Legislature Pros and Cons List | NYLN.org However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. In our current system, voters are given one vote to . Tannen, D. (1994). Democratic legitimacy. In Australia, 'ethnic' generally has been used to refer to immigrants (and their offspring) from non-British origins.3 Regarding the definition of 'migrant', I will apply the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural, Under what conditions are Latinos elected to the Congress and state legislatures? Diagnostic analytics gives the reason why something happened. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. Descriptive Research | A Systematic Search Method New York: Colombia University Press. Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Princeton: Princeton University Press. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: Register or login to make commenting easier. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. 3. 4. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. Pros. At the heart of freedom: Feminism, sex & equality. Volume 52, Issue 3. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 5 No. (1999). Swift, A. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. Political Therorists, Parliamentarians and the Meaning of Unequal Representation. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. It is complicated: One of the major draw back of this system is that it is too confusing. Previous Figure Next Figure. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? Wngnerud, L. (2009). Representatives. What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. Learn how your comment data is processed. Various reasons clarify why this is. Williams, M. S. (1998). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. London: Routledge. Secondly, I will draw upon Phuong Ngo as a case study to describe how descriptive and substantive representation impacted MEM voters in his constituency. Google Scholar. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. These descriptive The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. - Volume 55 Issue 2. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research - Career Trend Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. A theory of justice. As Shaw and McKay, found out that the rates of crime were not evenly spread out across areas of the city, and around the city. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 8. Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2). Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford Cons are arguments against it. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. Descriptive Representation In The United States - 461 Words | Bartleby The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. (1993). African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. The Case of Rwanda, Worlds Apart? However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. The Pros And Cons Of Using Clicker. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. In Y. Galligan (Ed. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. (2005b). The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" 1. Towards a European union gender equality index. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. In S. Besson & J. S. Mart (Eds. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. (pp. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Sloman (1985) has also argued the pros and cons of analogical representations, and has concluded that a variety of representation formalismsincluding those specialized for spatial reasoningare important to AI problem solving. Nussbaum, M. (1999). Barry, B. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School Christiano, T. (2012). Holst, C. (2014). Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. Pros and Cons List Template | Miro Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park.

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