And we look at one community ripped apart by attempts to reckon with racism. Most people in the field dont use the word gifted anymore, he said. Under the old model, a 4-year-old who could not master an exam in which she might be shown five pictures each with a different number of apples and asked how many apples grandma needs to make sauce, would in all likelihood get shut out of the track leading to elite high school admission and all the privileges that follow. But that process, too, has been criticized. 89 Acts, ch 135, 43; 99 Acts, ch 178, 6, 10. Happening Now For Children Entering Kindergarten G&T Programs in Fall 2023. 2 reviews of MTG Education Group - Math for the Talented and Gifted "I have been with MTG ever since I was in eighth grade. There is no direct federal funding for them. In 1981, Oklahoma became the seventeenth state to mandate educational services for students identified as gifted and talented. Educator and activist Denisha Jones explains what racial justice in education looks like. many of them Black and Latino, at a disadvantage. Director of Gifted and Talented Programs 2500 North Lincoln Boulevard Oklahoma City, OK 73105 405-522-0081 Leah.Murphy@sde.ok.gov Welcome to the Gifted and Talented Education Home Page! Spread the loveThis term refers to the grouping of students by mental capability, aptitude, or hobbies. %PDF-1.5 "Dropping down the leagues is obviously a painful experience but sometimes when you strip it back to the bricks and you can build, sometimes that foundation you build on is solid. endobj Children can enter these programs in kindergarten, grade 1, grade 2, or grade 3. I don't think most teams get carried away with the table. District 13 in Brooklyn hopes that the International Baccalaureate will be a more inclusive alternative to gifted and talented, and also help boost struggling schools. They have member services as well as publications for teachers and parents. The kindergarten application is currently closed. The education they get is the subject of. City officials did not immediately say what will happen with the five citywide gifted schools, like Anderson and Nest+m, which enroll only children who have tested into the current gifted program. Who is the referee for Sunderland vs Stoke? Spread the loveTo be twice-exceptional is to be exceptionally gifted in some academic aspects while being below average compared to peers in other aspects. Alerting teachers that they must push through their implicit biases in an enterprise that is inherently subjective, the tutorial asks them to consider all the ways that children might express their curiosity and ideas verbally or non-verbally citing for example dance or drawing. Ms. Potter said city officials have spent too much time focusing on how to allot a very small number of seats to a very small percentage of the student population, and would be better off figuring out how to make it possible to have enrichment and acceleration options that exist in mixed-ability classrooms across the city.. xWQo6~7IDJ@Q`qR#Rtb-#"}wn?oF,d8(`H)%aa eKf?0F"vqveiL+Cv*W"Spr.;_$vMGF8)+!qG. We welcome a . Advertisement. Under the existing program, rising kindergarten students who pass the citywide exam enter a lottery to either enroll in the accelerated program at their school or, if their school doesnt have a program, they try to enroll in a school that does have one. Tony Mowbray's battle-weary players have finally had a week off so the batteries should be recharged a little, but Alex Pritchard may be due a recall in midfield. Back then, math wasn't really my priority. 7 0 obj When a school diversity task force in New York this week issued a stunning report recommending the elimination of the city's popular gifted and talented programs, the shock waves rippled far. Its time for all our students to have access to the classroom programs that develop their full personhood and their full potential, the mayor said at a news conference Thursday. <> Interested families apply by listing a G&T program on their kindergarten application. The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. If your child was born in 2018 and lives in New York City, they are eligible to attend kindergarten in . Apply to grades 3-K 12, explore and compare schools, and more. The city runs a pilot program for rising third-graders to apply to enter the program, but not in every district. Applications for the program will open May 31 for the 2022-23 school year. Belson says that, while GATE programs offer many benefits to students, they may not be right for every child who qualifies. Spread the loveBeing a teacher is a tough job. What we envisage may not be the most straightforward or the most conventional ideas. Live Stream details When: Saturday 4th March 2023 - Kick off: 3pm kc8}yr.jKnPJE This varies a bit depending on where (and whether) a child currently attends pre-K. As teachers consider a student's readiness for accelerated learning, they are asked to consider how learning behaviors might be demonstrated and/or be presented based on each childs unique developmental trajectory by thinking about: In addition, teachers are asked to consider the DOEs policy of ensuring equal education for all students without regard to their actual or perceived race, color, creed, ethnicity, national origin, citizenship/immigration status, religion, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, disability, or weight. She says parents should consider not just whether a program is academically appropriate for their child but also whether it is a good fit for the child culturally and emotionally. 6 0 obj endobj sales@mediastorehouse.com Tel: (678) 701-8254. `F4n;Wyy%h*\.QJl2FQkTJ%Hk/PI&^F},H(PCi4Z`2fs&tt}*Ngy =4ZN(*\!qE\)[#Z26a*/79Ve> 7WV:r39tVdQM "People will have their own opinions but I don't think anyone knows all the variables attached to it and I'm not going to get involved in any of that. Get good rest and prioritize questions that have answers you know, experts say. Children who are highly curious take it upon themselves to learn more by mimicking, questioning about whatever has piqued their interest. Iowa Code 257.42 states as part of their school improvement plan, school boards must annually submit program plans for gifted and talented children programs and budget costs to the Department. endobj 8M6qhbvUiyy1JHJV2AX.3j6=2@ ~ 3w874+\CMlLA+Mw]53yUK,n\V0EDN.+s.uG*nzL6Dhv\9Y%" ssMq*2t%s~>^&Gk. Expanded access to the citys gifted and talented programs is long overdue, Michael Mulgrew, the president of the United Federation of Teachers, said in a statement. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. My Wishlist. The gifted and talented program is seen by many parents as a pipeline into the citys competitive middle and high schools, like Stuyvesant High School. endobj Evaluation criteria and procedures and performance measures. The Gifted and Talented Programs span across all 32 of NYC's districts. Throughout the early years, childrens curiosity prompts exploration and experimentation. Last time out, Sunderland lost 2-1 away at Coventry City, while Stoke City lost at home to play-off hopefuls Millwall 1-0. Mayor Eric Adams on Thursday unveiled a plan to expand the city's gifted and talented classes for elementary students and to permanently eliminate the contentious admissions test given to. Guidelines for Developing an Academic Acceleration Policy - These guidelines provide educators and policy makers with guidance to create a vision grounded in research and to adopt policy to support this vision for the K12 grade students who require an accelerated learning pace and advanced curriculum that assures student academic success. On January 13, 2020, Governor Murphy signed the " Strengthening Gifted and Talented Education Act " codifying school district responsibilities in educating gifted and talented students as referenced in N.J.A.C. To learn more about eligibility requirements, go to, How Students Get Offers to DOE Public Schools, Educational Option (Ed Opt) Admissions Method, Enrollment for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Students, Enrollment for Students with Disabilities, Enrollment for Students with Accessibility Needs, Enroll in High School Equivalency Classes (Ages 17-21), Annual Parent Teacher Meetings for English Language Learners, Bill of Rights for Parents of English Language Learners, College-Career Readiness for English Language Learners, Community Organizations that Help Multilingual and Immigrant Families, Helpful Links for Families of English Language Learners, Multilingual and Immigrant Student Support Resource Site, How to Prepare for the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test, Extended School Year Services for July and August, Students with Disabilities and Gifted and Talented. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.2 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Spread the loveApplying for admission to professional and graduate schools is no less competitive than college/undergraduate admissions. The Edvocate plans to be one of key architects of this revival, as it continues to advocate for education reform, equity, and innovation. But proponents say that there are real benefits from GATE and school districts can ensure a more inclusive process without abolishing the programs altogether. Sunderland's first goalscorer: Patrick Roberts. In October 2021, New York City announced that it was phasing out its gifted and talented programs for elementary schools. For example, in the 2017-18 school year, white students were 48% of the public school population, according to NCES data, but made up roughly 58% of those in GATE programs, according to estimates from the U.S. Department of Education. What's New. Spread the loveGlobalization is the growing interconnectedness of countries around the world. Children enter these programs in grade 3. Tony Mowbray's side currently sit in ninth spot, whilst Alex Neil's side sit mired in the bottom half of the table in 17th. These programs are designed to challenge kids who are ahead of their classmates, but have drawn controversy over inclusion. endobj CEC, 11920 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091, (703) 620-3660, FAX (703) 264-9494. www.CEC.sped.org. Facebook Twitter. So much so, many new teachers end up leaving the field within their first three years. The first home game of the season was won 2-0 against Blackpool with goals from Harry Clarke and Jacob Brown. Jigsaw Puzzles (from $32.28) The one thing I'll say about Sunderland is that I feel extremely privileged to have been given an opportunity to manage Sunderland. <>>> Background Images (from $3.86) Mayor Bill de Blasio has . And some officials questioned the value of the gifted program itself. <> This information is intended for use by administrators, teachers, area education agencies, students, parents, and other individuals who have an interest in gifted and talented education in the state of Iowa. Offers are determined based on families' application choices, seat availability, and admissions priorities. PostcardsPhoto postcards are a great way to stay in touch with family and friends. Elegant polished safety glass and heat resistant. Gifted students are those who perform exceptionally in specific academic and non-academic areas. Their curiosity helps them to explore their thinking about the world around them. Access all your DOE applications TeachHub, Google, iLearnNYC, Microsoft Office, Zoom, and morefrom one place. While children can play and engage in solitary learning experiences, all children benefit from positive social interactions that support their growth and learning. National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) - A non-profit organization of parents, teachers, educators, community leaders and other professionals who unite to address the unique needs of all children and youth. Experts advise college-minded students to stay focused through the end of the school year. Find Related Places. All rights reserved. <> Children do not need to display behaviors in each category to demonstrate readiness for accelerated learning. 126, gleefully toting Easter-themed goody bags. Spread the loveThe Talent Search Initiative has as its aim; the identification of high-performing students by organizing specific tests. ",#(7),01444'9=82. Matching Coasters may also be available, Glass CoasterIndividual Glass Coaster. As of 2006, the University of Connecticut partnership is with the University of Virginia. V)`t {Q6FMwOe1Be={ YMoiF@MA[(SCR(CS=QOFvI& %$M9Mv)gH-cc@O>3|Ew A<4<8MIBoW{/#t]y>? They simply have to be challenged enough to make learning fun and meaningful for them. Framed Photos (from $53.80) The percentage of offers going to Asian students decreased 8 percent between 2020 and 2021, and the percentage of offers going to white students decreased 3 percent. All NYC families with children born in 2018, 2019, and 2020 are invited to join us at a virtual information session covering 3-K, pre-K, kindergarten, and Gifted & Talented admissions. Some schools rely on teacher or parent referrals for testing and placement. endobj Some students eligible for GATE are what is known as twice exceptional, or capable of advanced learning while also having learning differences, such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorder or dyslexia. Please notethat you can no longer apply to G&T programs or add your child to G&T waitlists. Placement will be decided based on district, parents preference, where siblings attend school and seat availability. Gifted students don't just perform exceptionally; they show enough potential that they justify the need for special services to help them pursue the field they . Alex Neil will be expecting a hostile reception on his return to Wearside, although will be fully focused on returning to Staffordshire with the three points. Our mission is to recognize, nurture, and support profoundly intelligent young people and to provide opportunities for them to develop their talents to make a positive difference. In the late 1990s, researchers at the Center for Gifted Development in Colorado approached the question by asking parents of older children who were deemed intellectually advanced what sort of characteristics manifested themselves early on. x <> But the problem is, A, that teachers are not trained to know what to look for, and B, that the science does not provide clarity about the things you should be looking for in very young children. Pamela Ward, 38, a community liaison and mother of four, waited to pick up her son as a gaggle of children poured out of nearby P.S. Last year, when the referral program was put into practice for the first time, the percentage of spots in gifted and talented kindergarten programs offered to Black and Latino children made up fewer than a quarter of the total. Based on these interviews, early childhood education experts nominate eligible applicants for G&T admissions. Scott J. Peters is a senior research scientist at the Center for School and Student Progress at Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA). 6 0 obj Defenders of gifted and talented programs also had some concerns. OFP4"qPEh)tj[]w8HsHEB>.;Ot'E92=tY7np, If so, keep reading. But Ms. Chu, who has a fifth grader who is not in the gifted and talented program, said the plan had faults. The holder of the gifted endorsement is authorized to serve as a teacher or a coordinator of programs for the gifted and talented from the pre-kindergarten level through grade twelve. Iowa Code 257.43 Program plans. Not nearly enough seats were added, she said. `$< !Lt3Jt3Z= b"5KQk They also contended that the admissions exam, whose items resemble those found in traditional IQ tests, was administered . Program goals, objectives, and activities to meet the needs of gifted and talented children. If so, keep reading. Gifted and talented programs are getting a closer look as the nation reexamines racial justice issues. By definition, students with gifts or talents are capable of creative, committed work at levels that often approach talented adults. These kids are going to be in the top 10% at their school, whether we decide to nurture that or not, he says. Spread the loveEducation is a collaborative process, as it takes many stakeholders working in unison to help students succeed academically. Iowa Colleges and Universities offering endorsement courses: Belin-Blank Center - Gifted Education and Talent Development - Located at the University of Iowa, the Belin-Blank Center's mission is to empower and serve the international gifted community through exemplary leadership in programs, research, and advocacy. While the absence of a test means that no one can be expensively tutored to game it, leaving the decisions to the opinions of a single teacher exposes the mechanism to the vagaries of personal affinity, mood and whim, despite best intentions. Teacher/Program Nomination Form contains three sections. In New York City, for example, activists have decried a selection process that has relied on a single test of 4-year-olds before they enter kindergarten. The invitation will be based on their grades in the four subject areas: English, math, science, and social studies. Anyone can read what you share. Editor's Picks. 5 0 obj When you gain a promotion and you're on the up. And while ensuring that there will be a program in every community in the city, it also guarantees that many children will be left out. School Evaluation For Special Education What Parents Need to Know, Effectively Educating Diverse Student Populations: Strategies That Work - Applead Hofu, The Importance Of Sight Words In Early Reading GoGreenva.org, Online Education in Chennai - Birla Brainiacs, Advancing Technology Education in Rural High Schools Across - The Tech Edvocate - VSAY .IN. Most states have gifted programs, but only 15 mandate. Students can only apply to one of the programs located in their district of residence to be considered. It was after meeting Jerry did I realize the applicability of math in everyday life. Jeenah Moon/Pool via REUTERS/File Photo. New York City has abandoned its test to screen for gifted and talented children. These schools require a score of 90 and above. v. City of New York (WiFi Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement, Moises Jimenez et at v New York City Department of Education (Sports Equity Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement, NYC Student Transportation Modernization Plan, Community and Citywide Education Councils, Guidance on Public Meetings and School Visits, Elections 2023 Community and Citywide Education Councils, Training Opportunities for Education Council Members, Roles and Responsibilities of Education Councils, Frequently Asked Questions on CCEC Elections 2023, About Community and Citywide Education Councils, Community and Citywide Education Councils Meeting Calendar, G&T Admissions for Children Entering Kindergarten in Fall 2023, The New York State PreKindergarten Learning standards. Young children love to express themselves and engage in creative activities such as dance, music, as well as imaginative and creative play. Contact Us. *The local match is always approximate because it is calculated on a total for the program rather than an individual basis. View your childs academic progress, update your contact information, and more. ];r(Q-F V.N3p?N/1*vG"Tg#e HpK]ea47,22NLPu(xy(3.U0Hk DV-dAS!CHhbbvdE. IMQ =[t&U3 If the teacher doesnt like our kid, Ms. Chen, who has one child in the gifted program, said in Mandarin, then theres nothing we can do.. Then we played an AMAZING None of this will quiet the debates about whether gifted and talented projects are inherently unjust, whether they should be abandoned altogether or whether admissions measures ought to be rethought, something that seems self-evident if they are to remain. Some children may experience poor academic or social self-esteem, given the perceived or real competitiveness within the program, she says. Many were glad to hear the program would be returning but had concerns about the lack of educational resources in the borough. Mowbray said: "I went back to Middlesbrough, went back to Blackburn, teams I spent a few years at. And relying on parent referrals can disadvantage students whose parents are less able or willing to advocate for them. So theyre relying on the same historical markers that have always been used to identify intelligence race and class. According to federal data, Black preschool students are expelled at rates more than twice the share of their enrollment. Fine Art Prints (from $43.04) Vibrancy and diversity are two of Stoke-on-Trent's greatest assets. Spread the loveThis term describes a manner of classifying gifted students to place them in properly segmented classrooms. Black students and low-income students with similar math and reading scores are much less likely than white or high-income students to be placed in gifted services., He adds: The identification systems that we have do not appear to work very well.. %PDF-1.7 They haven't won their last couple of games and they'll be looking to get back on track.". You may change your billing preferences at any time in the Customer Center or call When: Saturday 4th March 2023 - Kick off: 3pmWhere: Stadium of LightHow to watch: SAFC LiveRadio: BBC Radio Newcastle(International). "I think everyone over the course of the season has been a bit inconsistent. endobj Just because your kid is gifted doesnt mean your kid will be high-achieving.. My Account. "When they make nine changes, that suggests they are thinking more about league points than cup competitions. We come off two consecutive defeats, and are in desperate need not to make it a third. Spread the loveBuilding a culturally responsive classroom is hard. The top 10 percent of second graders in each school will be invited to apply for entry. Critics of the existing program where admission has normally hinged on a test say it has kept out too many Black and Latino children and has weakened some regular schools by sometimes moving the strongest students and teachers into gifted and talented programs outside their districts. These include: There is no general definition of what giftedness is; however, the National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) suggests that gifted individuals show immense promise or potential to excel in one or more areas of giftedness. Last month, teachers were given a tutorial in the form of an eight-and-a-half-minute video instructing them on how to approach the nominations with guidelines broad enough to make any child a likely candidate. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. endstream "M}GCN*-s9|!_(%T( Official Stoke City FC Prints. Spread the loveAre you looking for ways to teach students appropriate mealtime manners? Sunderland predicted line-up vs Stoke (4-2-3-1): Patterson; Hume, Ballard, Batth, Alese; Neil, Pritchard; Roberts, Amad, Clarke; Gelhardt. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Research shows that later assessments of gifted ability may be more accurate than earlier ones, officials said, which is why 1,000 seats were added for rising third graders. Fine Art PrintThe next best thing to owning the original artwork, with a soft textured natural surface, our fine art reproduction prints meet the standard of the most critical museum curators, Mounted PhotoPhoto prints supplied in custom cut card mount ready for framing, Glass FrameTempered Glass Mounts are ideal for wall display, plus the smaller sizes can also be used free-standing via an integral stand, Acrylic BloxStreamlined, one sided modern and attractive table top print, Antique FramesBevelled Wood Effect Framed and Mounted Prints - Professionally Made and Ready to Hang, Mouse MatArchive quality photographic print in a durable wipe clean mouse mat with non slip backing. Controversy has ramped up around the longtime practice of providing accelerated classes for selected students. Official Site. Cards (from $6.98) 0D9`)IxRX D'(d7A2G'MQPe %UB2xe08 6hTA)O=Z:t7E{oMn!_VP0i In response to the concerns over racial disparities, some districts have proposed eliminating gifted and talented programs altogether, replacing them with enrichment programs for all students. Gifted & Talented July 2013 #StokeCityFCPics. "I watched Stoke City the other night and I thought they played really aggressively and on the front foot against a really top team. If you applied to G&T programs by the January 20 deadline, you will be provided with eligibility information soon. New York City to Expand Gifted and Talented Program but Scrap Test, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/nyregion/nyc-gifted-talented.html. The key difference is in students' potential. endobj Training Consultants. If you list G&T programs on your application, eligibility will be determined after you apply. Poster PrintArchival Quality Posters are ideal for larger pictures and suitable for framing, Digital WallpaperDownload artwork as Desktop Wallpaper, Photographic PrintPhoto Prints on sturdy Archival Quality Photo Paper for vivid reproduction - Perfect for framing, Jigsaw PuzzleJigsaw Puzzles are an ideal gift for any occasion, Metal PrintMade with durable metal and luxurious printing techniques, metal prints bring images to life and add a modern touch to any space, Framed PrintContemporary Framed and Mounted Prints - Professionally Made and Ready to Hang, Premium FramingFSC Real Wood Frame and Double Mounted with White Conservation Mountboard - Professionally Made and Ready to Hang, Canvas PrintCanvas Prints add colour, depth and texture to any space. All G&T programs give an admissions priority to siblings of current students. "We had great success there in terms of the first times we won at Wembley, I loved my time there and it was a great time in my career so as far as that goes, that's how I'll remember it; fondly. Phone: 515-281-5294 Fax: 515-242-5988 400 E14th Street | Des Moines, IA 50319-0146, Advanced Learner: Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) Guide, Identifying Gifted and Talented English Language Learners, District Gifted and Talented Program Plan Requirements, SYP Guide for Educators and Educational Administration, Gifted Resources to Support Iowa Academic Standards, National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC), Supporting Emotional Needs of Gifted Children (SENG), College of William and Mary - Center for Gifted Education, Applied Science, Technology, Engineering, and Manufacturing, Business, Finance, Marketing, and Management, Pathways for Academic Career and Employment, Workforce Training and Economic Development Fund, Iowa Skilled Worker and Job Creation Fund, Annual Notices and Deadlines for Public and Nonpublic Schools, Comprehensive School Improvement Plan LEA, Differentiated Accountability (DA) System, Presidential Awards for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching, Statewide Voluntary Preschool Program and Four-Year-Old Children, Teacher Leadership and Compensation System, Mentoring and Induction for Beginning Educators, McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Resources, Computer Science Professional Development Incentive Fund, Curriculum and Professional Development Grants, Parent and Guardian Letters in Translation, COVID-19 Public Health Workforce Supplemental Funding Grant, English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century (ELPA21), Iowas College and Career Readiness Definition, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), Programs for At-Risk Early Elementary Students, Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) for Schools, Stories in Motion - Physical Activity Breaks, School Budget Review Committee Exhibits and Applications, Uniform Administrative Procedures, School Districts and AEAs, Environmental Protection and Indoor Air Quality, WIIN Lead Testing In School and Child Care Program Drinking Water Grant, Open Enrollment Transportation Assistance, Administrative Rules of Special Education, Special Education Resources for Families and Educators, Procedural Safeguards Manual for Parents Rights for Children Ages Birth3, Procedural Safeguards Manual for Parents Rights for Children Ages 321, Iowa Academic Standards are reviewed on an ongoing basis, The History of the Iowa Academic Standards, Consolidated Accountability and Support Application (CASA), Annual Condition of Education Report (PK-12), Boards, Commissions, Committees, Councils, and Task Forces, Administrative Rules Process and Calendar, Archive of Legislative Reports and Guidance. In general, programs include both enrichment programs, in which students explore an area of the curriculum in more depth or in a more applied way, and acceleration programs, in which students can study areas of the curriculum that are above their chronological age, Belson wrote in an email. The citywide test first instituted under Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg more than a decade ago puts lower-income families, many of them Black and Latino, at a disadvantage, because many live in districts that dont have gifted and talented programs or cannot afford test preparation for their children. Dennis Cirkin continues to suffer with concussion suffered against Millwall when scoring the equaliser but no time frame has been put on his return. Positive relationships and interactions with adults and peers impact childrens overall development and progress. Gifted & Talented July 2013. Spread the loveAre you looking for strategies to help students who cannot fasten their own clothes? Canvas Prints (from $32.28) But only 19 percent - about 2,400 kids -- were offered a place in one of the city's gifted and talented programs. They are not afforded the same opportunities later on in life because of it.. Across the country, educators, politicians and activists are debating the value and fairness of gifted and talented education programs, which were created to support K-12 students with advanced abilities who need a more challenging academic program than their peers. Not to Miss Gifted & Special Education Conferences in 2020, Teaching the gifted student in general education, 18 Reasons the U.S. Education System is Failing, The Top 5 Unexpected Benefits of Early Childhood Education.

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