The people of the United States cherish a devotion to the Union, so pure, so ardent, that nothing short of intolerable oppression, can ever tempt them to do anything that may possibly endanger it. 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium But that was found insufficient, and inadequate to the public exigencies. . The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. Are we in that condition still? What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. Drama, suspense, it's all there. . Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? . It was about protectionist tariffs.The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. TEST: THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT Flashcards | Quizlet The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American If the federal government, in all or any of its departments, are to prescribe the limits of its own authority; and the states are bound to submit to the decision, and are not to be allowed to examine and decide for themselves, when the barriers of the Constitution shall be overleaped, this is practically a government without limitation of powers; the states are at once reduced to mere petty corporations, and the people are entirely at your mercy. During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. . To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Then he began his speech, his words flowing on so completely at command that a fellow senator who heard him likened his elocution to the steady flow of molten gold. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. . But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. Sir, an immense national treasury would be a fund for corruption. . In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . Now that was a good debate! . . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . Expert Answers. . I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? . But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. We all know that civil institutions are established for the public benefit, and that when they cease to answer the ends of their existence, they may be changed. See Genesis 9:2027. But the gentleman apprehends that this will make the Union a rope of sand. Sir, I have shown that it is a power indispensably necessary to the preservation of the constitutional rights of the states, and of the people. Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. They had burst forth from arguments about a decision by Connecticut Senator Samuel Foote. . [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. Let us look at the historical facts. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. Webster-Hayne Debate - Federalism in America - CSF They cherish no deep and fixed regard for it, flowing from a thorough conviction of its absolute and vital necessity to our welfare. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. . . . The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. This is the true constitutional consolidation. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. It is the common pretense. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. Sir, when arraigned before the bar of public opinion, on this charge of slavery, we can stand up with conscious rectitude, plead not guilty, and put ourselves upon God and our country. My life upon it, sir, they would not. I understand the honorable gentleman from South Carolina to maintain, that it is a right of the state legislatures to interfere, whenever, in their judgment, this government transcends its constitutional limits, and to arrest the operation of its laws. Nor shall I stop there. . First, New England was vindicated. . . It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Wester-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism", Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebsterHayne_debate&oldid=1135315190, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 22:54. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. . I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. It is to state, and to defend, what I conceive to be the true principles of the Constitution under which we are here assembled. . Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. She has a BA in political science. He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. . . . . . This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the Convention to be less rigid, on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected.. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. . Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter.

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