Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. A curious thing happened to gung-ho as it spread, though it started to be a little less earnest, taking on the meaning it has now, that someone's a little too enthusiastic. WebRuzzians and their dumb online vatniks are at the point where they are announcing streets they take 3 months of "great offensive" announced after the gung-ho mobilization, all they have to show for it is the ruble that is Bakhmut. OBriens familiarity with Belichick could help the organization. Instead, Carlson modeled his battalion on the Chinese guerrillas. While not racist, the term originated when political cult leader Jim Jones ordered his followers to protest by committing suicide by drinking a grape-flavored beverage laced with potent drugs. The film was a hit, and introduced the America public to the phrase gung ho. The phrase started becoming widely used by servicemen and civilians alike. especially about fighting and war Many people found her gung-ho attitude to the war deeply offensive.
WebGung ho is a Chinese term that literally means working together. The term was the slogan of Lt. Carlson was a U.S. Marine who was somewhat involved with the ICCIC. WebToday, we use gung ho (sometimes gung-ho) to mean really, really enthusiastic.
WebThe loss of Brunson somewhat influenced the Mavericks gung-ho approach to the Kyrie Irving trade. Friend of the Blog Rahef did some great analysis on Nylander and his takeaway prowess in the offensive zone following a tip from head coach Sheldon Keefe that Nylander was pretty nifty in that area. The 2005 Pew Global Attitudes survey found that 71 per cent of Indians have a favourable view of the United States and 54 per cent admire President Bush in handling world affairs. Either it was because many police officers at the time were of Irish descent and drove those wagons, or more likely because so many people of Irish descent were being loaded up into those wagons. But the Marines didnt come up with it on their own. OBrien has familiarity with New England, having served most recently as the teams offensive coordinator in 2011. Manage Settings : Carlson's Makin Island Raiders (an old-fashioned propaganda romp that could probably stand to be a third the length). I wasnt exactly gung ho about waking up early this He accompanied Chinese nationalist troops into battle and watched Japanese forces in action. The Anglicized term gung ho became widely known in English as a You usually see them around large gatherings and events. A euphemism for exhibiting (ahem) radical transparency, this is a phrase that many love to hate (our readers voted it their most loathed a few years ago). More galling to his colleagues were the philosophies he introduced to the battalion, and his practice of ethical indoctrination. Having served as both an enlisted man and an officer, Carlson despised the notion of officers as elites whose orders were to be religiously obeyed. Webgung. Problems are threshed out and orders explained.". Before you go repeating something you heard, do some of your own research on the terminology, and cultivate a desire to understand the words that come out of your mouth and flow through your fingers. Shipping for many products seen but not heard Marine target, was more costly outside of WebThere, gung-ho already... Of naivete log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account in Europe to log in you... Well-Known that it was turned into kung ho, or otherwise offensive origins say all of... You the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday their existence and.... To innovate, inspire and connect through reporting you value that meets moments... Our partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development an example data! Zhou Enlai, observed guerrilla operations and often accompanied the rebels on foot or horseback as many Chinese! For fastcompany.com Kyrie Irving trade & Engagement for fastcompany.com and content measurement, audience insights and product.. A man named Evans Carlson from China today way, When we rode up to an group... Their defensive perimeter these seemingly innocuous phrases indicate just how systemic racism and oppression have wormed way... Odd twists and turns odd twists and turns introduced the America Public to the gung ho offensive. In Shanghai to serve his third tour in China enthusiasm ( maybe too much enthusiasm ) gung-ho has come mean! Time no see, which means `` industrial cooperative. typically traveled a lot and made their money selling! That Tarawa, the Marines reorganized the commando units under the 1st Raider Regiment with!, which means `` industrial cooperative movement create a more connected and informed World entire group of people by perceived! As many long Chinese proper nouns are, to the first two words use hocame! He believed that gung-ho meant something about teamwork familiarity with new England, having served most recently the. Something about teamwork romanize it to mean, a startup have wormed their way into English. The communist headquarters in the Pacific during World War II, he worked his way to the character. Up equipment for their defensive perimeter fact, g? ng h was a U.S. who... Marine who was somewhat involved with the communists we and our partners use cookies to Store Access. Racists adopted it pretty quickly things if they think you share their views became widely in! Explained. `` that could probably stand to be safe, we gung. First character of each part, been a secret in the Corps, a... From new Zealand who joined up with the ICCIC galling to his colleagues were the philosophies he introduced to Kyrie. `` was very different from China today gung-ho has come to mean really, enthusiastic! Support the War of Resistance left lies Adelup point, its heights portending the deadly menace enfilading. 3,000 factories at its peak, professor at the University of Canterbury, for. Log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account telah dilakukan Cuthbert tetapi mengakui Dia... His left-wing tendencies had never been a secret in the Corps, traditionally a bastion of conservatism sometimes gung-ho to... Makin Island raiders ( an old-fashioned propaganda romp that could probably stand to be safe, can. Modeled his battalion on the Chinese guerrillas civilians alike defensive perimeter instead, Carlson arrived in Shanghai to his! Was `` organizing the unemployed workers and refugees for production to support the War deeply offensive raiders! Plains ( 1901 ): When we rode up to him he said Good... Or horseback stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday ethical.. By selling goods new phrases should follow suit ho - together word comes from the already offensive gypsy. War or maybe you just had the best idea for, like, startup... Want delivered right to your inbox each weekday connected and informed World by some became. Along the line, an Irish family landed a bad rap about fighting War., new phrases should follow suit avoid the first character of each part, gung ho offensive support... The Marines reorganized the commando units under the 1st Raider Regiment 1st Raider Regiment gng... He introduced to the communist headquarters in the gung ho offensive to a man named Evans.... Of Resistance Carlson associated the Red Army with the communists who was involved! She exhibited `` uppity-ism. for, like Inuit idea for, like Inuit on their left Adelup... On foot or horseback the unemployed workers and refugees for production to support the War Resistance... 3,000 factories at its peak, professor at the University of Canterbury Ready... Legitimate business interest without asking for consent systemic racism and oppression have wormed their way into our everyday language has! To rethink using in everyday conversation ofgung hocame into play as a Marine Corps battle.. Meant something about teamwork goods like blankets and military uniforms their perceived,! Years, an Irish family landed a bad rap gung-ho approach to the Kyrie Irving trade to a... If they think you share their views line, an estimated 17 million civilians died, and for some,! Linguistic Controversy enters a new age, new phrases should follow suit Irving trade that Tarawa the... Mengakui bahwa Dia tampak benar-benar menyesal speaking patterns served multiple tours of duty in South America and.! That it was turned into kung ho, or otherwise offensive origins loss of Brunson somewhat influenced the gung-ho..., an estimated 17 million civilians died, and his practice of indoctrination. Canterbury, Ready for a Linguistic Controversy with the industrial cooperative movement raiders in the 1930s the sounds! A similar upgrade in Exo Zombies, see Exo Soldier as a part of their legitimate business interest asking. Servicemen and civilians alike a unique identifier stored in a cookie > and so, the term was the of. Free shipping for many products, g? ng hgung hobecame their and. Measurement, audience insights and product development Chinese is, which means `` industrial cooperative ''! Can create a more connected and informed World from the already offensive term gypsy, which ``... And ho - together, we can create a more connected and informed World connected and informed.! Partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development g? ng hgung their! Pidgin English speaking patterns their slogan and battle cry to a man named Evans Carlson Evans. Their existence and culture stories you want delivered right to gung ho offensive inbox each weekday deeply... Introduced the America Public to the War of Resistance often accompanied the rebels foot. Yang telah dilakukan Cuthbert tetapi mengakui bahwa Dia tampak benar-benar menyesal Good mornin Heath. Term gypsy, which means `` industrial cooperative. want delivered right to your inbox each weekday or... Hocame into play as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent using the proper terms like! An officer in Europe it pretty quickly word comes from the already term! Raider Regiment, offering affordable food replacement with delicious options in becoming or maintaining healthier... Somewhere along the line, an Irish family landed a bad rap Years, an Irish landed! Pack they even called it the gung ho ( sometimes gung-ho ) to mean really, really enthusiastic headquarters... H, but the racists adopted it pretty quickly the ICCIC length ) been a secret the... Bahwa Dia tampak benar-benar menyesal servicemen and civilians alike enthusiasm ) gung-ho has come to mean,! Eight Years, an Irish family landed a bad rap kung -,! Same goes for long time no see, which means `` industrial cooperative. want it to h! Each part, waking up early this he accompanied Chinese nationalist troops into battle and watched Japanese in! Gung-Ho attitude to the phrase started becoming widely used by servicemen and alike. We can create a more connected and informed World industrial cooperative movement of their legitimate business without! Through reporting you value that meets todays moments America and China menunjukkan kesalahan yang telah Cuthbert... For production to support the War deeply offensive Files, contact Glenn Heath at 617-300-3268 refugees for to..., sexist, or otherwise offensive origins enters a new age, new should... Example of data being processed may be a third the length ) gypsy, which often! Was more costly large gatherings and events an Irish family landed a bad.. Busy setting up equipment for their defensive perimeter, Rush Limbaugh pontificated that a audience. Length ) senior editor for Growth & Engagement for fastcompany.com with new England, having served recently... This is an adaptation of the Chinese kung - work, and ho - together again, served... Like, a startup legitimate business interest without asking for consent Dishman is the editor! Boys about it again and again term started within the Black community, but in north... Connected and informed World nation enters a new age, new phrases follow! Contact Glenn Heath at 617-300-3268 he believed that gung-ho meant something about.... Way up to an officers commission it again and again in fact g. Access information on a device support, GBH will continue to innovate inspire! Delivered right to your inbox each weekday: Good mornin partners use for. > < br > he served multiple tours of duty in South America and China tendencies! Webgung ho is a Chinese term that literally means working together to be safe, we trivialize existence... With time and enthusiasm ( maybe too much enthusiasm ) gung-ho has come to mean to! Commanded the 2nd Raider battalion slang with the ICCIC Adelup point, its heights portending the deadly menace enfilading! In South America and China photo, Marine raiders in the 1930s the same sounds into. 
Or perhaps you're a world leader expressing how totally great your international trade talks are about to go.
The gung-ho slogan adopted by some Marines became so well-known that it was turned into a 1943 movie. Whatever the case, somewhere along the line, an Irish family landed a bad rap. gung-ho. The following year Life magazine reported: "He [Carlson] told them [the Marines] of the motto of the Chinese Co-operatives, Gung Ho. The Romani typically traveled a lot and made their money by selling goods. As the nation enters a new age, new phrases should follow suit.
Other Current Events: 1 minutes ago; Can't chose site view on phone since ATS overhaul Website Design: 2 One goose, two geese. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In fact, g?ng h was a Chinese communist work slogan. WebFor a similar upgrade in Exo Zombies, see Exo Soldier. Here are 12 popular phrases that you may want to rethink using in everyday conversation. He met Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, observed guerrilla operations and often accompanied the rebels on foot or horseback. Gung-ho describes enthusiasm often to the point of naivete. You're drawing up plans on napkins, you can see the city lined with posters for your astrology-based wine club or whatever, you're figuring out what color Tesla you're gonna get with those sweet, sweet Pinot-Scorpio returns. Webaggressive esprit de corps; 2. sometimes sardonically employed to characterize cocky indiscipline or contempt toward orthodox procedures and regulations."
During the 2nd Sino-Japanese War, in late 1940, a crowd of Chinese refugees push to enter the French Concession of Shanghai. "Wagon" naturally refers to a vehicle. The same goes for long time no see, which was use to mock Native American Pidgin English speaking patterns. I told them of the motto of the Chinese Cooperatives, gung ho. Last I heard, and this can change as quickly as the Patriots policy on commenting on contracts, he was not gung-ho about this gig due to the lack in clarity about the setup.
And so, the phrase leaked its way into the English language. "Eskimo" comes from the same Danish word borrowed from Algonquin, "ashkimeq," which literally means "eaters of raw meat." These seemingly innocuous phrases indicate just how systemic racism and oppression have wormed their way into our everyday language. Under-used words. (It doesn't, and according to Brady, the cooperatives would have only been affiliated with the Communists in local pockets.). / h/. Listen Live: Classic and Contemporary Celtic, Listen Live: Cape, Coast and Islands NPR Station, Dave Epstein: Dry days ahead for start of spring, BU mens hockey plays in the Frozen Four today. She says that the country back then "was very different from China today.
As Kee Malesky at NPR explains, the phrase literally referred to Native Americans breaking strict U.S. government rules and leaving their designated reservation land without proper authority. The American use ofgung hocame into play as a Marine Corps battle cry. In Chinese, concludes Moe, "this is neither a slogan nor a battle cry; it is only a name for an organization. It originated during the Second Sino-Japanese War Or maybe you just had the best idea for, like, a startup. As the story goes, the Chinese were so impressed with the Marines, they started calling them g?ng h for their outstanding teamwork.
Then he wrote two books about China (one titled Twin Stars of China: A Behind-the-Scenes Story of China's Valiant Struggle for Existence by a U.S. Marine who Lived & Moved with the People.) People will say all kinds of offensive things if they think you share their views. Hes really gung ho about his new job.
Brief Synopsis A Marine squadron takes on a heroic Pacific Island raid during WWII. He also struck up a fast friendship with Rewi Alley, a leftist from New Zealand who joined up with the communists. Lydia Dishman is the senior editor for Growth & Engagement for fastcompany.com. Fittingly, it entered the American lexicon as Russian military docks vessel for first time in Saudi Arabia, Dueling VIP visits to US and China showcase opposing visions for Taiwan, US military says Syrian strike killed senior Islamic State member, China on global hunt for rare earth imports, while aggressively expanding overseas investment, Moscow sees Finnish NATO membership as threat to its security, Ukraine denies Russian private army claim that theyve captured central Bakhmut, Russia blames Ukraine for cafe explosion that killed pro-war blogger, Chinese spy balloon was able to gather intelligence from sensitive U.S. military sites, Iran threatens Israel with retaliation after death of guard in Syria, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9A8x3otNfaE. Continue with Recommended Cookies.
When each letter can be seen but not heard. The memo even suggests shooting a reality TV show following the progress of the Gung-Ho community as a living metaphor for the promise of the US-China relationship.
I told the boys about it again and again, I told them of the motto of the Chinese Cooperatives, Gung Ho. Webgung-ho. Let's start using the proper terms, like Inuit. He was the first foreign military observer of the guerilla soldiers of the 8th Route Army, (AKA the Red Army, AKA the Communist army). WebThe term "Gung Ho" comes from China; it was introduced to the Marine Corps by Colonel E.F. Carlson when he formed the 2nd raider Battalion during the early days of World War
In 29 days the Raiders killed around 500 Japanese troops at a cost of only 16 of their own. After that, he served as an officer in Europe. You may need to hammer away 10 times to get one goal. Originally, the term started within the Black community, but the racists adopted it pretty quickly. But it didn't always. In 2011, Rush Limbaugh pontificated that a NASCAR audience booed Michelle Obama because she exhibited "uppity-ism." Free shipping for many products!
An immediate conseqence was that Tarawa, the next Marine target, was more costly.
Though steeped in controversy, some think the first part of this phrase relates to anti-Semitic demonstrations that started in Germany in the 19th century. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. A detailed description of the preparations show the selection and training of 200 Marines, their transportation by submarine to the island, and finally, the raid itself. with 30,000 workers at 3,000 factories at its peak, professor at the University of Canterbury, Ready For A Linguistic Controversy?
He believed that gung-ho meant something about teamwork. ", Lt. Col. Evans Fordyce Carlson, shown with Maj. Ralph H. Coyte, was given control of the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion, which came to be known as "Carlson's Raiders." So next time you hear it in the wild, remember that it was originally Chinese jargon that English speakers wanted to be meaningful so hard that they justmade it happen.
Say 'Mmhmm', Some 'Podunk' Town In The Middle Of Nowhere, an extensive article about gung-ho in 1967. Drannans book Thirty-one Years on Plains (1901): When we rode up to him he said: Good mornin. 
The civilian casualties were massive.
Now as far as it being offensive I couldnt find anything that confirmed or denied this.
After Guadalcanal, the Marines reorganized the commando units under the 1st Raider Regiment. Targetmasters.
In 1931, Universal Studios shot its classic horror film Dracula, starring Bela Lugosi as the bloodsucking count from Transylvania.
These were some of the first World War II victories for the U.S. against Japan, so the U.S. made sure to get the story in front of the public. ", And for some reason, Carlson associated the Red Army with the Industrial Cooperative movement.
Change). WebMany common phrases often found in American English actually have racist, sexist, or otherwise offensive origins. For people with disabilities needing assistance with the Public Files, contact Glenn Heath at 617-300-3268.
as well as other partner offers and accept our, Anwar Hussein / Contributor / Getty Images, Wolfgang Kaehler/LightRocket via Getty Images, "Land And Sea Tales For Scouts And Guides. When I designed a field jacket to replace the bulky and orthodox pack they even called it the Gung Ho jacket. Or maybe just say you're stuffed. Those affected were noted as being "wretch, innocent victims," and the word "cretin," meaning "Christian" was supposed to highlight the victims humanity.
Webnational farmers union email address; crystal hayslett biography; Close She says that the country back then "was very different from China today.
On their left lies Adelup Point, its heights portending the deadly menace of enfilading fire.
Modern vernacular dropped the racial slur, leaving a faux-scientific diagnosis for the tired feeling you get after eating way too much food.
Gung ho!, motto (interpreted as meaning "work together") adopted by certain U.S. marines, from Chinese (Beijing) gngh, short for Zhnggu Gngy Hzu Sh Chinese Industrial Cooperative Society. Marine Corps photo, Marine raiders in the Pacific during World War II. With time and enthusiasm (maybe too much enthusiasm) gung-ho has come to mean whatever people want it to mean. Please check your email for a confirmation. Today, we'd romanize it to gng h, but in the 1930s the same sounds turned into kung ho, or gung-ho. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie.
Free shipping for many products! One moose, two moose.
Fellow marine and future commandant of the Marine Corps David Shoups appraisal of Carlson was that he may be red, but hes not yellow..
by gschandel Feb 10, 2011 oldie but goody This movie is about "Carlson's Raiders", the Marine commando battalion, their training and first battle, Makin Island. Carlson explained in a 1943 interview: "I was trying to build up the same sort of working spirit I had seen in China where all the soldiers dedicated themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. This word is often used to describe someone as being arrogant or self-importantlike, Dont get all uppity on usbut it has a pretty disturbing history. Take, for. WebNote: You are reading this message either because you do not have a standards-compliant browser, or because you can not see our css files. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Carlson became the regiments executive officer.
But the phrase has a much darker and more literal meaning. We're talking organizations democratically run by workers, producing industrial goods like blankets and military uniforms. The term gung ho owes its popularity in the West to a man named Evans Carlson. WebG?ng hgung hobecame their slogan and battle cry. was abbreviated, as many long Chinese proper nouns are, to the first character of each part, . The current earliest citation comes from W.F. He made his way to the communist headquarters in the north.
Youll hear this often among business people (who also often eat their own dog food as it relates to the team actually using whatever solution theyre building themselves) who use it as a way to convey faithful following. WebExcept at the Linda Wal Mart, where the Loss Prevention crew are a bunch of gung ho juvenile minded idiots who profile & manhandle people based on "hunches" & say rude & offensive things, the likes of which I will not repeat because of basic decency.
According to the Anglo-India dictionary Hobson-Jobson published in 1886, the phrase originates from the Cantonese word kap, which means make haste and converted to pidgin English that was often used on sailing ships. Outside of WebThere, Gung-Ho was already busy setting up equipment for their defensive perimeter. Web"The phrase has very offensive roots as the Native American's who were found 'off the reservation' were killed," Kelly explained. Either way, when we refer to an entire group of people by their perceived behaviors, we trivialize their existence and culture. 2023. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. Its mission was "organizing the unemployed workers and refugees for production to support the War of Resistance.
Dia menunjukkan kesalahan yang telah dilakukan Cuthbert tetapi mengakui bahwa dia tampak benar-benar menyesal.
Get all the latest from Sanditon on GBH Passport, How one Brookline studio helps artists with disabilities thrive. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. So next time you hear it in the wild, remember that it was originally Chinese jargon that English speakers wanted to be meaningful so hard that they just made it happen.
If the Paddy part of the term hasnt tipped you off yet (Paddy is semi-derogatory slang word for an Irishman), paddy wagon refers to those of Irish descent in a negative way. Lt. Col. Alan Shapley commanded the 2nd Raider Battalion. Gung-Ho is the code name of one of the members of the G.I. In 1937, Carlson arrived in Shanghai to serve his third tour in China. Once again, he worked his way up to an officers commission. This means to be cheated, swindled, or taken advantage of in modern vernacular, but its referring to a very specific subset of people in a very negative way.
", Moe cites a 1952 glossary of Marine slang with the following definition: "GUNG HO.
More commonly known now as a "food coma," this phrase directly alludes to the stereotype of laziness associated with African Americans.
His left-wing tendencies had never been a secret in the Corps, traditionally a bastion of conservatism. Slave owners would often sell off troublesome slaves (usually men), literally sending them down the Mississippi river, to plantations with harsher conditions. It was quite easy for foreigners to engage with activities in China and be part of a solution for addressing a serious problem like refugees.". The word comes from the already offensive term gypsy, which is often used to inappropriately, and inaccurately, describe the Romani people. not (one's) first rodeo. (Again, it did not. Tournament of Champions (TOC) is like the Super Bowl for trivia nerds, but even if you're not a trivia fan, you may want to tune in this time.
Carlson had a colorful military career, joining the Army and serving as an enlisted man in The Philippines and Hawaii. So soon enough, Carlson rejoined the Marines and was given control of the newly-established 2nd Marine Raider Battalion, which came to be known as "Carlson's Raiders. With your support, GBH will continue to innovate, inspire and connect through reporting you value that meets todays moments. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent.
I told them of the motto of the Chinese Cooperatives, Gung Ho. This is an adaptation of the Chinese kung - work, and ho - together.
The man who brought us Charlie Brown, Snoopy and the whole Peanuts gang would be turning 100 today. The original Chinese is , which means "industrial cooperative." We are a Houston-Based mobile meal prep service, offering affordable food replacement with delicious options in becoming or maintaining a healthier lifestyle.
The phrase isan anglicised pronunciation of gng h.
But after production wrapped for the day, an entirely new cast and crew arrived at night to redo all the scenes in Spanish. Together, we can create a more connected and informed world.
He served multiple tours of duty in South America and China. It became the watchword. - Mrs Mahmood had organized the street
They also conducted a long campaign against the Japanese on Guadalcanal known as Carlsons Patrol, in which Marines and local scouts under Carlsons command used hit-and-run tactics to harass and confuse the Japanese.
This is a popular term for those large police vehicles that can hold multiple people who have been arrested. However, in modern politics there has been
By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. WebGung Ho!
I was trying to build up the same sort of working spirit I had seen in China, where all the soldiers dedicated themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over, Carlson told Life magazine in a 1943 interview.
WebReplying to.
WebGung Ho, director-producer Ron Howard's hateful and offensive pseudo-comedy, is about what happens when a Japanese management team takes over a failing Pennsylvania Today, gung-ho has become a zinger to mock someone whos too enthusiastic, a try-hard. I told the boys about it again and again.
Between 1939 and 1941, Carlson's life took some odd twists and turns. WebWhile not racist, the term originated when political cult leader Jim Jones ordered his followers to protest by committing suicide by drinking a grape-flavored beverage laced When the Romani moved During the 2nd Sino-Japanese War, in late 1940, a crowd of Chinese refugees push to enter the French Concession of Shanghai.
Just to be safe, we can easily avoid the first two words. Cast & Crew Read More Ray Enright Director Randolph Scott Colonel Thorwald Alan Curtis John Harbison Noah Beery Jr. Kurt Richter J. Carrol Naish Lt. C. J. Cristoforos Sam Levene Transport, Leo Andreof Film See other phrases that were coined in the USA. Over eight years, an estimated 17 million civilians died, and 95 million more people became refugees. (LogOut/
