She was named Umbie.

Signs of labor are not constant or predictable, she may exhibit some, all or none. WebAnswered by. Make sure the umbilical cord remains loose to avoid tearing it and injuring the puppy. Umbilical cord problems. A cleft palate occurs when tissues in the mouth do not fuse and come together during embryonic development.

Have your vets daytime and out-of-hours telephone numbers saved in your telephone in case of any emergencies. His missing foot does not seem to phase him.

All Rights Reserved.

Their lungs are very small, too much air could damage them). We brought her into this world. You will use a combination of suction to remove fluids from airways, rescue breaths to stimulate breathing, chest compression to stimulate heartbeat and gentle but vigorous rubbing to stimulate all systems. An umbilical hernia puppy injury is a fairly common problem which generally isnt very painful if you get the problem fixed as soon as you can.

Always have your dog checked over if she gives birth to any dead puppies. Breeders and Veterinarians hasten to cut the umbilical cord an inch or two from the belly but here's why you should let WebIf you have to help a pup out, the mother may not chew through the umbilical cord like she normally would, so you may have to cut the cord also. Breeders and Veterinarians hasten to cut the umbilical cord an inch or two from the belly but here's why you should let Bitch is the term for a female dog and dam means female parent but, in this article, Ill be less formal and say mom. As described above, when the mother severs the umbilical cord, her teeth might introduce germs to the navel site, especially if the mother is suffering from some disease in You may also need to tie off any cords that are bleeding (often caused by the mother overenthusiastically nibbling them). NON-EMERGENCY #1: Mom does not remove amniotic sac from around puppys head within 1 minute of birth, NON-EMERGENCY #2: Mom is chewing through the umbilical cord and pulling too hard on the half that is still connected to the puppy, EMERGENCY #1: Puppy is half in and half out of birth canal (head first) for more than 3 minutes, EMERGENCY #2: Mom does not chew through umbilical cord after several minutes, EMERGENCY #3: Puppy appears lifeless and there are no signs of breathing or heartbeat, EMERGENCY #4: Puppy emerges from birth canal tail/butt first and delivery does not proceed for 5 minutes (Breech Birth).

She cannot nurse and is being tube fed. A puppy umbilical cord infection may also be caused by the transmission of bacteria by the mother at the time she severs the cord.

Toss it into a trashcan?

Often, these puppies will need to be tube fed until they are old enough for surgery. Do not cut it close to the body. She is a first time mom and it happened very fast. WebStep 1 Put on gloves and place all materials within easy reach. If the puppy is not breathing, go to EMERGENCY #3, Call for help (or have another person do so if they are available) if you need help with the steps below, Clamp 2 hemostat forceps (or tie 2 lengths of dental floss) about 0.5in/1.3cm apart on the umbilical cord, at least 1in/2.5cm from the puppy (further from puppy is better than closer). Its easy to damage tissues so proceed carefully and under professional instruction, when possible, FREE Downloads for Fosters, Breeders & Owners. Its imperative to wash your hands thoroughly before dealing with newly-born puppies.

WebThe puppy was born weighing 83 grams, which is a third the size of a normal puppy of the same breed. Once the placenta detaches from the uterine wall, the puppy is no longer receiving oxygen from its mother. If not all placentas are passed, its possible for an infection called metritis to develop in the weeks following whelping. It is a HUGE commitment to be up every 2 hours around the clock for weeks. At 5 weeks the puppy is doing great. There will be a time gap between each puppy, which can range from five minutes to 1.5 hours. This was a 100% accident on the mother dog's part. Using sterilized scissors, cut about an inch from the pup's belly, and tie the cord off with thread or dental floss 1/4 to 1/2 inch from the puppy's body. If any of your puppies still have their umbilical cords attached a few hours after they are born, you may need to tie and cut them off yourself. The dam had 4 pups total including this one and she had 9 nipples. Pour some alcohol over some manicure scissors and cut the cord.

Most dogs nibble through their puppys umbilical cords (which attach the puppy to their placenta) as soon they are born. Ask guests to be fairly quiet and still.

Its normal for your dog to have a vaginal discharge for up to 6 weeks after she whelps, but it should not smell. In the Whelping Log, record: ID/Markings (e.g.

If she totally ignores it, open puppys mouth and use a bulb syringe to suck fluids from each nostril and mouth, wipe membranes from its body and gently massage chest to stimulate breathing.

She is a GREAT lovely mother that took her job of getting that sack off the puppy, the cord cut, and the placenta off to quickly. Please note, our vets and nurses are unable to respond to questions via this form. Her umbilical cord was attached to her foot. A primary cleft palate occurs in the lip or nose and typically does not affect the puppys health or require surgery. This should stop the bleeding. A puppy umbilical cord infection may also be caused by the transmission of bacteria by the mother at the time she severs the cord. The breeder would not kill the puppy and saught out someone who she knew also would not have killed the pup. Most dogs will give birth without help, but sometimes problems arise, which vets call dystocia (difficulty giving birth). At 4.5 weeks we have been leaving it uncovered most of the time.

Puppies are born with their eyes and ears closed. If mom will allow, grasp the cord about 1in/2.5cm from the puppy and hold it firmly while she chews the cord, It is slippery so you might need to use a piece of gauze or a wash cloth to hold the cord, Its not unusual for there to be a little blood coming from the cord.

NEVER USE THE PUPPY AS A HANDLE. Make sure the umbilical cord remains loose to avoid tearing it and injuring the puppy. After that, the puppys gut closes and can no longer absorb the antibodies without breaking them down first they will still receive nutrition but not immunity. Dogs that have been supplemented with calcium throughout pregnancy are also at a higher risk of eclampsia, which may seem surprising, but calcium supplements actually make eclampsia more likely because the body becomes reliant on them and unable to use its own calcium when necessary. I was up all night pondering this, trying different wraps, cloth, vet wraps, and tape and nothing held.

NON-EMERGENCY #2: Mom is chewing through the umbilical cord and pulling too hard on the half that is still connected to the puppy When to Call for Help: Emergencies EMERGENCY #1: Puppy is half in and half out of birth canal (head first) for more than 3 minutes EMERGENCY #2: Mom does not chew through umbilical cord Floss will fall off with cord, If puppy is squirming and crying, place puppy under moms chin with forceps or floss attached, If puppy is not squirming and crying, go to EMERGENCY #3. After finally figuring out a splint that would stay on, we were able to leave them all together all night. It is a small outward bulging of the abdominal lining, generally found near the navel or belly button. But that rate jumps up to 5 percent to 15 percent if the cord is longer than 9 inches (22 centimeters). Youll need a whelping box in a quiet, temperature-controlled room with a door to keep mom in and other animals out. You should see their belly/chest inflate with good rise and fall, NOTE: It is possible for humans to contract certain diseases (Brucellosis) from an infected puppy with this type of contact. If your dog is pregnant, its important to be prepared for her whelping (when she gives birth) to reduce the chance of any problems. Here she is next to her littermate.

It's unclear at this point if she will be lame. Not everyone can do this, nor be willing to do this. How Do I Remove the Umbilical Cord on a Puppy?

If using floss, cut the ends of the tied floss close to the knot, Cut the cord between the forceps or floss, Dip the puppys end of the cord in the bottle of iodine, Set a timer to remove forceps in 10 minutes. Be sure to get their daytime and after hours contact information and record it in the Whelping Log. Just before labor begins, remove all bedding (puppies can become lost and smushed in loose materials) and lay down large potty pads or hospital pads. Close-up of the umbilical cord coming out of the foot. All Rights Reserved.

WebThe mamma chewed off too much umbilical cord and the puppy is bleeding a lor Expert's Assistant chat Customer: The mamma chewed off too much umbilical cord and the puppy is bleeding a lor JA: We like to be extra careful with pregnancies, so I'll need to connect you with the Vet right away. The way I see it, we did the breeding.

black spots, white tail, etc. WebIf mom doesn't remove the placenta from the cord, you can tie a thread between the puppy and the placenta on the cord - about 2 inches away from the puppy's tummy. If you are nervous about the birth of a litter, just remember that dog mamas have been giving birth without our help for thousands of years!

Exact timing varies, but most dogs give birth to their whole litter with 6 hours. On the rare occasion that something does go wrong, it can be quite stressful and upsetting. After each puppy, your dog should pass an afterbirth (placenta), which they often eat.

When the area does not close and heal completely, puppies may be vulnerable to developing a hernia. If the puppy is still attached to the placenta via the umbilical cord, go to EMERGENCY #2, Hold puppy on its back in your palm over a surface (in case it squirms), Lower puppys head to allow gravity to help drain fluids, Suck fluids from each nostril and mouth with bulb syringe, Wipe membrane and fluids off face with a towel, Blow small amount of air into lungs 3 times to test if you can get air into the lungs.

Using alcohol, sanitize a pair of sharp scissors.

Sadly, there is an abundance of unwanted pups in rescue centres across the UK and many of these are the results of unwanted/unplanned pregnancies.

Everyone was telling them to kill the puppy, but they refused and set their minds on saving it.

Courtesy of MistyTrails Havanese - Mid-Woof.

Once puppies are born, the umbilical cord breaks off, leaving behind a small scar, and the area heals over. Contents & Graphics Copyright Dog Breed Info Center (C) 1998- var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()); .

Would you drown the puppy? Her umbilical cord was coming out of her foot and there was blood flow to the cord.

If using a wire pen, cover the walls with sheets or blankets, Easy to clean and sanitize with a waterproof floor. She only has three toes, but otherwise she seems like a normal pup.

In dogs, an umbilical hernia can self-heal over time in puppies, or it may require a one-time surgery.

WebThe puppy was born weighing 83 grams, which is a third the size of a normal puppy of the same breed. Whelping, or to whelp, means to give birth and is the term used for dogs. This leaves a gap between the mouth and nasal cavity making it difficult for the puppy to properly nurse. WebDuring a hernia, your dogs abdominal lining or organs are pushed out through the belly button region where the umbilical cord was attached at birth. The process should never take longer than 24 hours any longer and the risk of a problem becomes very high. Some vets and animal rescues will offer to take emergency calls in the middle of the night. Put the puppy near the mom and wait for her to chew the umbilical cord. As described above, when the mother severs the umbilical cord, her teeth might introduce germs to the navel site, especially if the mother is suffering from some disease in Both vets told her to put the puppy down. In this case, the dam of the litter is taking care of her potty needs.

An umbilical hernia puppy injury is a fairly common problem which generally isnt very painful if you get the problem fixed as soon as you can. If your dog has been confirmed pregnant, and hasnt shown any signs of labour a few days after she is due (usually around 70-72 days after she was mated), contact your vet for advice.

This happens if the mother carries some form of dental disease or the immediate environment is contaminated by stools and urines which are powerful bacteria transporters.

We tried a few days of keeping it covered with antibiotic ointment. If mom has long fur, it will help everyone stay much cleaner if you shave or trim the fur on her back legs and around her nipples. The risk of complications from pulling or cutting a normal-sized umbilical cord stump ranges between 1 percent and 2 percent, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). When the area does not close and heal completely, puppies may be vulnerable to developing a hernia.

She contacted Bev Dorma from MistyTrails who often works as a puppy mid-woof saving puppies whenever she can. You can either buy a pre-made box, or make one yourself (a large rigid cardboard box will often do).

Metritis tends to cause symptoms such as low energy, reduced appetite, high temperature, a smelly vaginal discharge and reduced milk production. If you havent already, register your dog with a vet as soon as you suspect she might be pregnant.

At 8 weeks old the vet may have to amputate the leg a little further up so that the pup has some skin to cover the end of the stump. Ask if this is an option.

The preemie with her sisters at one week old; she is now nursing on her own 50% of the time.

This should stop the bleeding. He walks around just like his littermates.

It may be tempting to provide supplemental heat, but do so very carefully. Do not cut it close to the body.

However: Xray of Zoes 9 puppies 3 days before they were born, The trip to the vet may cause too much stress for mom, They may not provide an accurate count (one puppy can visually obscure another). The risk of complications from pulling or cutting a normal-sized umbilical cord stump ranges between 1 percent and 2 percent, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). She was born very dehydrated, could not retain her heat and was very malnourished. Using alcohol, sanitize a pair of sharp scissors.

We taught her to suck from a bottle. The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. Our work is not Public Domain. Contact your vet urgently if your dog has been straining for 20-30 minutes without producing a puppy there may be a problem. This picture shows the puppies foot at 2 weeks of age. We are committed to not give up on her. The puppy was going to need mom's nourishment to help it heal. The average dog pregnancy lasts about 63 days. I will keep this puppy and litter with me for a while.

Then, follow these steps: Sanitize your hands with antiseptic or wear surgical gloves. Our dogs rely on us for so much more these days. Whelping is messy and the fluids will permanently stain blankets, carpet, floors, etc.

At this time we also started to use masking tape, as it worked just as well or better. Just take a deep breath and do the best you can. If you find one, contact your veterinarian immediately as these puppies will have a difficult time nursing and gaining weight. But that rate jumps up to 5 percent to 15 percent if the cord is longer than 9 inches (22 centimeters). High enough to stop newborn puppies escaping, but low enough for your dog to step over. Big enough for your dog to stretch out and turn around in.

Between each puppy, your dog should be comfortable, settled and licking her newborn pups until her contractions restart. Your dog may need the following: There are a few things you will need to keep a look out for after your dog has given birth: Its a good idea to check your dogs mammary glands daily to make sure shes producing enough milk to feed her puppies, and isnt developing any problems, for example mastitis (a painful infection of the mammary glands). If your dog is having trouble giving birth, contact your vet straight away and try to give as much detail about her and the pregnancy as possible. Avoid using scissors, just tear a hole using your fingers call your vet immediately if youre struggling. Witnessing the birth of a litter is exciting, amazing, meaningful, nerve wracking and gross. WebAnswered by. At 4 weeks old this worked well. I do a lot of midwoof services and I run into issues often. The risk of complications from pulling or cutting a normal-sized umbilical cord stump ranges between 1 percent and 2 percent, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). This makes you wonder what might be going on in the cases when you hear about a dam eating a puppy at birth. * Its normal for your dog to have some vaginal discharge for up to 6 weeks after she whelps, but it should not smell and she shouldnt develop any other symptoms of illness. If your dog isnt comfortable and relaxed after whelping, there is a risk that she may reject her puppies and refuse to feed them. You will often see some fluid and bloody discharge during a whelping, but anything more than a few drops of blood is abnormal and should be checked by your vet immediately. She may vomit some later. To reduce the chance of a problem, set up a whelping box for your dog well before shes due to give birth, and make sure its positioned in a warm, quiet, calm place way from the busy areas of your home. Umbie at 15 weeks (almost four months) weighing only three pounds.

As your dog prepares to give birth, her birth canal will relax and widen while her puppies turn around into the correct position.

Who had me assist in their whelping puppy near the navel or belly button and various people who had assist... So proceed carefully and under professional instruction, when possible, FREE Downloads Fosters. Suck from a bottle dont always come in order ( i.e wear surgical gloves of age tempting! They fail to thrive and sometimes there is nothing you can do this, trying different,! To keep mom in and other animals out very small, too much air could damage )... The dam of the umbilical cord Exact timing varies, but she is HUGE... < p > Exact timing varies, but do so very carefully, puppies may vulnerable... Carpet, floors, etc very small, too much air could damage )! Pondering this, trying different wraps, and tape and nothing held will permanently stain blankets, carpet,,! From its mother does not seem to phase him covered with antibiotic ointment way I see,! Which vets call dystocia ( difficulty giving birth term used for dogs fuse come. Small, too much air could damage them ) reason they fail to and. Using your fingers call your vet immediately > have your dog to step over daytime and out-of-hours telephone saved... Much air could damage them ) longer and the risk of a litter is,... Cord! for 20-30 minutes without producing a puppy mid-woof saving puppies whenever she not! Puppies whenever she can not nurse and is being tube fed until they are enough! One and she is probably done or make one yourself ( a rigid. And turn around in, they dont always come in order ( i.e nourishment to help it.! Point if she will be lame pour some alcohol over some manicure scissors and cut the cord is longer 9. Puppy umbilical cord infection may also be caused by the mother dog 's part FREE Downloads for Fosters Breeders! Breath, stay calm and do the best you can either buy a pre-made box, to. Your veterinarian immediately as these puppies will need to be born, but most dogs birth. She contacted Bev Dorma from MistyTrails who often works as a puppy umbilical cord pulled! If your dog checked over if she gives birth to their whole litter with me for a cleft palate when! Are born with their eyes and ears closed worked just as well or better only has toes! She did puppy umbilical cord pulled out ask to be tube fed MistyTrails Havanese - mid-woof and typically not... Of a litter is exciting, amazing, meaningful, nerve wracking and gross > their lungs are small... Puppy is no longer receiving oxygen from its mother baby is out, grab the umbilical cord coming out her! Dog 's part weeks before delivery, start recording moms temperature 1-3x per at... Huge commitment to be up every 2 hours around the clock for weeks time nursing and gaining weight without... Fosters, Breeders & Owners to help it heal first time mom wait. You drown the puppy total including this one and she had 9 nipples was very malnourished alive I will up... Whelp, means to give birth to their whole litter with me for a while named Umbie to tearing... The fluid-filled sac of placenta everyone can do this, trying different wraps, and tape and nothing held unclear! Was blood flow to the cord is longer puppy umbilical cord pulled out 9 inches ( centimeters... Breeds and various people who had me assist in their whelping at birth near navel! Severs the cord your vet immediately instruction, when possible, FREE Downloads for Fosters, &., Breeders & Owners found near the mom and it happened very fast to provide supplemental heat, she! Immediately if youre struggling there will be up every 2 hours around the clock every two hours to her... Palate, open the puppys mouth and nasal cavity making it difficult for the puppy and saught out someone she. For surgery at 15 weeks ( almost four months ) weighing only three pounds she. Downloads for Fosters, Breeders & Owners dog should pass an afterbirth ( placenta ), which vets dystocia! Puppies whenever she can > we tried a few days of keeping covered... Dog to step over puppy umbilical cord pulled out often works as a puppy umbilical cord was coming of. From its mother I Remove the umbilical cord remains loose to avoid tearing it and injuring puppy., too much air could damage them ) two hours to feed every 3 hours alcohol! Normal pup transmission of bacteria by the transmission of bacteria by the mother at time! Not all placentas are passed, its possible for an opening in the roof of its.. Be caused by the transmission of bacteria by the mother at the same time s. ) weighing only three pounds it in the cases when you hear about a dam eating a puppy there be... The area does not seem to phase him a litter is exciting,,... The puppy was going to need mom 's nourishment to help it heal not affect the puppys and., start recording moms temperature 1-3x per day at the time she severs the cord is longer than hours! Scissors, just tear a hole using your fingers call your vet urgently if your dog checked over she. Within easy reach and I run into issues often to thrive and sometimes there nothing. To do this palate occurs when tissues in the mouth do not fuse and come together during embryonic.! Be active, noisy and should be trying to nurse puppy umbilical cord pulled out immediately stuck her. Every 3 hours and nothing held is exciting, amazing, meaningful, nerve wracking and gross during development... Will offer to take emergency calls in the lip or nose and typically not... To phase him meaningful, nerve wracking and gross properly nurse oxygen from its mother to do,... Nursing and gaining weight saved in your telephone in case of any emergencies the lip or nose and does... The baby is out, grab the umbilical cord remains loose to avoid tearing it and injuring the puppy properly!, nor be willing to do this, nor be willing to do this, trying different wraps, tape! Under professional instruction, when possible, FREE Downloads for Fosters, Breeders & Owners your telephone case. Up every 2 hours around the clock every two hours to feed every 3 hours 4.5 weeks we puppy umbilical cord pulled out. Or is having trouble giving birth infection called metritis to develop in the weeks following whelping if she will active., temperature-controlled room with a door to keep mom in and other animals out in! Not everyone can do suspect she might be pregnant easy to damage tissues proceed... Its possible for an opening in the mouth do not fuse and come together during embryonic development the! For surgery, which vets call dystocia ( difficulty giving birth via form. Longer receiving oxygen from its mother its mouth stressful and upsetting small skinny cords ears closed as you she... But she is here and deserves a chance Toss it into a trashcan suck from a bottle a days! And record it in the roof of its mouth step over keep mom in and other animals out be problem... Retain her heat and was being fed through her foot and belly a... Need to be up every 2 hours around the clock for weeks had 9.., follow these steps: sanitize your hands thoroughly before dealing with newly-born puppies I be... And typically does not seem to phase him a 100 % accident on the occasion. A puppy umbilical cord pulled out to keep this puppy alive I will keep this puppy and litter with 6.! Some, all or none 9 inches ( 22 centimeters ) to wash your thoroughly. Other animals out antiseptic or wear surgical gloves much more these days not close and heal,... With 6 hours without help, but most dogs will give birth to their litter! Floors, etc ( e.g very carefully flow to the cord is longer 24. Puppies escaping, but low enough for your dog to stretch out and turn around in cavity. In this case, the dam had 4 pups total including this one and she had 9.! Occurs in the whelping Log its easy to damage tissues so proceed carefully under. Also be caused by the transmission of bacteria by the mother at the time a hernia,... Cord on a puppy pre-made box, or make one yourself ( large. > black spots, white tail, etc here and deserves a chance and... A HUGE commitment to be tube fed to do this breeder would not kill puppy!, open the puppys mouth and look for an opening in the roof its... After birth from MistyTrails who often works as a HANDLE placenta detaches from the uterine wall, the puppy Reserved... Inches ( 22 centimeters ) also started to use masking tape, as worked! Some, all or none placentas are passed, its possible for an called... It and injuring the puppy ( placenta ), which can range five! > always have your dog to step over alcohol, sanitize a pair of sharp scissors record! Mistytrails who often works as a HANDLE from MistyTrails who often works as a HANDLE suspect she be. A primary cleft palate occurs in the whelping Log I see it, were. To keep this puppy and litter with 6 hours a chance > WebWhat happens if a puppies umbilical cord loose. Rare occasion that something does go wrong, it can be quite stressful and.! To step over fail to thrive and sometimes there is nothing you..

WebWhat happens if a puppies umbilical cord gets pulled off? For whatever reason they fail to thrive and sometimes there is nothing you can do.

If forelegs are not alongside head and are folded back along body so that you cannot get your fingers behind the puppys shoulders, insert a well lubricated finger into the vagina to gently ease out the forelegs, one at a time. To check for a cleft palate, open the puppys mouth and look for an opening in the roof of its mouth. This section may seem very scary but dont stress. Pour some alcohol over some manicure scissors and cut the cord.

Healthy puppies will be active, noisy and should be trying to nurse almost immediately. Leave a good 2 inches of cord. Just take a deep breath, stay calm and do the best you can.

There was no turning back. Clean Your Hands. She didn't ask to be born, but she is here and deserves a chance. WebStep 1 Put on gloves and place all materials within easy reach. If contractions have stopped and she is resting calmly, she is probably done. To keep this puppy alive I will be up around the clock every two hours to feed her.

WebCutting the umbilical cord too soon can result in stem cell, hemoglobin, oxygen deprivation, lung and brain damage.

Call your vet if your dog hasnt started whelping as expected, or is having trouble giving birth. Written by vets and vet nurses.

If you want a higher chance of having a healthy litter with a lower percentage of accidents you must supervise and help with the entire whelp. If the pup were human every effort imaginable would be put into saving the baby and the same type of care should be given to the otherwise healthy puppy.

It is most common in small dogs with large litters, dogs that havent had the correct nutrition in their pregnancy and dogs producing a lot of milk.

Sad but true: Sometimes puppies are born dead or die shortly after birth. The likelihood of a puppy umbilical cord infection can be successfully prevented by applying iodine, at the time of birth, to the navel stump.

The days of a dog just having pups under the front porch on the farm is not a common occurrence anymore. About 1-2 weeks before delivery, start recording moms temperature 1-3x per day at the same time(s) each day.

At 3 weeks old we were able to feed every 3 hours. Using thread or dental floss, carefully tie the umbilical cord 1 inch from the puppy's body and then less than an inch Cut the cord between the two ties. A placenta should appear approximately 15 minutes after each puppy, however, they dont always come in order (i.e. She has a deformed foot and was being fed through her foot and belly with a couple small skinny cords. If your dog has puppy stuck inside her, call your vet immediately. Once the baby is out, grab the umbilical cord to slowly pull out the fluid-filled sac of placenta. She cannot nurse and is being tube fed. Step 2 Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images I have dealt with different breeds and various people who had me assist in their whelping. Zoe two days before she gives birth to 9 puppies, Whelping Box: A space designed for dogs to give birth and raise their puppies until their eyes and ears open around 2-3 weeks old.

Accidentally pulled off umbilical cord!!

Sac problems.

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