Months earlier, he had appeared on the cover of Forbes, and he was a member of our very first Forbes 400 ranking. Source: pinterest.com. A New York Times story on the sale remarked that it was the highest price ever paid at auction for a manuscript. Two years later, some colourful characters entered the game. He had an exceedingly inquisitive mind and made strenuous efforts to become erudite in languages, natural science, mathematics, philosophy, and history, among other subjects. In 1482 Leonardo moved to Milan to work in the service of the citys dukea surprising step when one realizes that the 30-year-old artist had just received his first substantial commissions from his native city of Florence: the unfinished panel painting Adoration of the Magi for the monastery of San Donato a Scopeto and an altar painting for the St. Bernard Chapel in the Palazzo della Signoria, which was never begun. It looks interesting. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Or is it? In The Lost Leonardo, a grinning Bouvier says his exploits are just business as usual: "you buy low and you sell high." Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Netflix series This Is a Robbery delves into the 1990 theft of masterworks including a Rembrandt from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. The painting, which dates to around 1500, was lost to history for more than 200 years, was damaged and badly restored, and was sold and resold as a minor work, probably by a Leonardo acolyte.. PETERSON-WITHORN: So I thought this was super fascinating that you could actually consider a work of art as something that could not only hold value and appreciate in value, but could also be a business, generating income for its owner over time. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In Verrocchios renowned workshop Leonardo received a multifaceted training that included painting and sculpture as well as the technical-mechanical arts. CLIP OF BILL GATES: So here, you're just seeing the page exactly as it looked to da Vinci. Most experts today agree the painting was probably produced by assistants in Leonardo's workshop, where he added some finishing touches a common practice. Veiled in layers of mystery and international intrigue, the story of the Salvator Mundi is an ongoing, endlessly fascinating saga, told in two new documentaries, The Lost Leonardo and Saviour for Sale: Da Vinci's Lost Masterpiece?, which play out with all the drama and suspense of a detective story. Thanks for having me. LONDON A tiny Leonardo da Vinci sketch sold on Thursday at Christie's for 8.9 million with fees, or about $12.2 million, a record price for a Leonardo drawing at auction . ARCHIVAL CLIP OF ARMAND HAMMER: Another hat is my hobby for collecting art. Since the painting first arrived at the Louvre in 1815, "Mona Lisa" has received plenty of love letters and flowers from admirers. Alan Wintermute, a senior specialist in old master paintings at Christies in London, called it the holy grail of old masters. In fact, it was also noted in the Codexs 1994 auction catalogue written by late da Vinci scholar Carlo Pedretti, that the Mona Lisa is, "indeed a visual synthesis of Leonardo's scientific knowledge as summed up in the Codex.". It's on the last telephone at $28 million. This means the Codex is certainly one of the world's most valuable pieces of art. The final winning bid? Taking inflation into account, the 1962 value would be around US$900 million in 2021. Usually estimated at "over 50 M" or "between 50 and 60 million Euros". And then amid all of this, he buys this one-of-a-kind Leonardo da Vinci manuscript at a Christie's auction for $28 million. PETERSON-WITHORN: Given Simon's connections to the Salvator Mundi, and his experience running a gallery of Old Masters works, he seemed like an excellent source to speak with for this valuation. And my background is as an art historian. He also considered a painting done by Renaissance artist Pontormo, which was purchased by the Jay Paul Getty Museum for $35.2 million at Christie's in 1989. His father, Ser Piero, was a Florentine notary and landlord, and his mother, Caterina, was a young peasant woman who shortly thereafter married an artisan. It's with you at $28 million. There is so much information in the public sphere that everyone can have the illusion of being an insider. Nonetheless, Leonardos notebooks reveal a sharp intellect, and his contributions to art, including methods of representing space, three-dimensional objects, and the human figure, cannot be overstated. TINDERA: In his appraisal Simon selected five comparable works all from the Renaissance era. There's also something called primacy, which is being the first. Pablo Picasso "Garon la pipe" (1905): $142.7 million 8. And my enjoyment in owning these wonderful works of art. And Lewis points out that as the art market has enlarged, our world view itself has changed. The subjects range from Inigo Philbrick, criminally charged with defrauding clients by selling more than 100% of shares in artworks, to a golden Egyptian coffin whose smuggled past came to light after Kim Kardashian was photographed next to it at the Metropolitan Museum's Costume Institute gala. Twenty-eight million. SIMON: The Codex is something that for most of the year, let's say you have to keep it under lock and key and out of the light. TINDERA: Ultimately, in his appraisal, which Simon submitted in December 1993. An attempt to psychoanalyze the buyer of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Salvator Mundi.' Tim Schneider , November 17, 2017 The scene at Christie's New York on November 15. PETERSON-WITHORN: And the fifth was a drawing by Michelangelo called The Holy Family with the Infant St. John the Baptist, which also sold to the Getty Museum in 1993, for $6.3 million. With closing fees from the auction house, it came out to $30.8 million. So it's difficult to get much better than someone who has actually appraised an item. So Gates sort of went out and bought the ultimate book. And then there's also rarity, or how rare this exact copy or version of a book or manuscript is. Early Life: Verrocchio's Pupil. (crowd laughs) Good start. When Leonardo was about 15, his father, who enjoyed a high reputation in the Florentine community, apprenticed him to artist Andrea del Verrocchio. Here's how much the artwork is worth! Explore the life of Italian painter, architect, engineer, and humanist Leonardo da Vinci. It stayed with the Earl of Leicesters estate until 1980, when it finally went up for auction. So I thought, "What if Gates cut up all the drawings into individual little works of art and sold them off that way? The first question we're asking, but we're going to ask it again is, What are we actually looking at? If it's a first edition of Moby Dick, that's a great thing to have. However, weeks after the grand opening of his museum, where he planned to showcase the Codex and other art he had collected over the years, Hammer died at the age of 92. Corrections? This is a list of the highest known prices paid for paintings. TINDERA: Hammer is also the great-grandfather of Hollywood actor Armie Hammer. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Salvator Mundi, the long-lost Leonardo da Vinci painting of Jesus Christ commissioned by King Louis XII of France more than 500 years ago, has sold at Christies in New York for $450.3m, including auction house premium, shattering the world record for any work of art sold at auction. But uncertainty is key to the appeal of every version of the story, as Lewis tells BBC Culture: "Nobody knows if it is a Leonardo, so you too can play the game, you can do your own Da Vinci Code on the Salvator Mundi. A Leonardo da Vinci painting has sold for a record-breaking $450 million this week, at Christie's auction house in New York. I'll give everyone time. The buyer was anonymous, but the New York Times soon revealed him to be acting for bin Salman, a discovery that catapulted the painting into the geopolitical realm. The piece is sold.. After the sale, Pylkknen said the sale had been his ultimate privilege. Simon's connection to the painting is that back in 2005, he and a colleague actually sort of rediscovered the painting, which was in terrible condition. Love film and TV? [note 1] Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the painting was sold. At the press conference, Artnews reported, Gouzer spoke of the exceptional rarity of a work by Leonardo. It depicts the dramatic scene described in several closely connected moments in the Gospels, including Matthew 26: . Then we look at the condition, and we base the condition on what's in our hands, and how you look at a book thats 150, 170 years old. JoinBBC Culture Film and TV Clubon Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world. I've worked as well as an art appraiser. It is Oil on wood and measures 168 x 130 cm (5 1/2 x 4 1/2 ft.). Leonardo da Vinci. He was also frequently consulted as a technical adviser in the fields of architecture, fortifications, and military matters, and he served as a hydraulic and mechanical engineer. TINDERA: That's Gates talking for a video posted on his blog a few years ago, around the time that he exhibited the Codex Leicester in some museums in Europe. He had just gotten married to Melinda Gates on New Year's Day of that year and was in the middle of building his multi-million-dollar mega mansion, Xanadu 2.0. The Nahmad family bought Suprematist Composition in 2008 at Sotheby's, New York, for $60,002,500 ($76million in 2021 dollars) from the heirs of Kazimir Malevich. PETERSON-WITHORN: The person who ended up winning the auction was Armand Hammer, the 82-year-old multimillionaire chairman of oil and gas giant Occidental Petroleum. But no one thought it was still worth the $30.8 million Gates paid for it. The figure more than doubles the existing record for an artwork sold at auction: a $179.4 million bid for a Picasso in 2015. St John the Baptist by Leonardo da Vinci. His drawing of the Vitruvian Man (c. 1490) has also become a cultural icon. It was first unveiled to the public at the National Gallery in London in 2011. Ford House couldn't refuse", "Secret $100 Million Czanne Sale in Detroit artnet News", "Chteau Ptrus Makes a Record-Breaking Saleof Art", Roman Abramovich brings home the $86.3m Bacon and the $33.6m Freud, "Femme assise prs d'une fentre (Marie-Thrse), 1932", Auction; `Blue' Picasso Breaks Record at $51.7 Million, Works by Johns and de Kooning Sell for $143.5 Million, "Russian Billionaire Takes 74% Loss on $85 Million Gauguin", "Now hanging at the Art Institute: Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin's new, $100 million Basquiat canvas", "Ken Griffin Buys Basquiat Painting for More Than $100 Million", The Getty secures masterpiece portrait by Titian, Mark Rothko painting sets post-war auction record, Hopper Painting Sells for Record $91.9 Million at Christies, "ARTnews: Cohen Buys Two Works from Wynn in $120M Deal", David Hockney Painting Sells for $90 Million, Smashing Record for Living Artist, "Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale Fine Art Auction Search Results Christie's", "Revealed: $72.8m Rockefeller Rothko has gone to Qatar", https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/the-heirs-of-a-jewish-banker-are-taking-a-japanese-company-to-court-over-an-allegedly-nazi-looted-van-gogh/ar-AA15sviM?ocid=msedgntp&cvid=cc9460cf2a05415db49f7eb48ba01da2, "How Robert Rauschenberg 'rewrote the rules of the game', "Report: Alice Walton Was Buyer of Record-Breaking $88.8 M. Rauschenberg at Christie's", A Warhol Leads a Night of Soaring Prices at Christies, Andy Warhol's "Triple Elvis" auction results, "Basquiat's In This Case headlines Christie's inaugural 21st Century Evening Sale at $93,105,000". A Leonardo, even one as dulled as this, could prove an amusing conversation piece. What was Leonardo da Vincis family like? During this first Milanese period he also made one of his most famous works, the monumental wall painting Last Supper (149598) in the refectory of the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie (for more analysis of this work, see below Last Supper). TINDERA: The Italian government had reportedly been expected to participate in the auction. They brought it to Dianne Modestini, a highly respected restorer, who removed decades of grime and overpainting, and was the first to suspect it might be a true Leonardo. Trained in Florence as a painter and sculptor in the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488), Leonardo is also celebrated for his scientific contributions. The Top 10 Most Expensive Paintings Ever Sold At Auctions 10. Bouviers mark-up led to Rybolovlevs criminal complaint in a Mongasque court, alleging a scheme for overcharging him. [3] And so, you've got the painting itself is you know, much more of a rare object. This episode was reported by Michela Tindera, produced by Michela Tindera and Jonathan Palmer, with additional research by Sue Radlauer. He currently resides in Vinci, Italy. The series is full of conspiracy theories about the never-solved robbery. That is still a question. Before Rybolovlev, Salvator Mundi had been owned by a consortium of dealers including Alexander Parish, who had picked it up for $10,000 at an estate sale in the US in 2005, and had had it restored and authenticated. On permanent display at the Louvre in Paris, the Mona Lisa was assessed at US$100 million on 14 December 1962. That estimate sort of got you thinking in another direction, though, right Chase? It would not draw more than the Salvator Mundi, which sold for $450 million. His curiosity and insatiable hunger for knowledge never left him. It may have been that the rather sophisticated spirit of Neoplatonism prevailing in the Florence of the Medici went against the grain of Leonardos experience-oriented mind and that the more strict, academic atmosphere of Milan attracted him. Leonardo da Vinci, (Italian: Leonardo from Vinci) (born April 15, 1452, Anchiano, near Vinci, Republic of Florence [Italy]died May 2, 1519, Cloux [now Clos-Luc], France), Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose skill and intelligence, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. So of course, da Vinci never called it the Codex Leicester or the Codex Hammer. Our 1994 story said Hammer was a master at litigation, and the aggrieved shareholders had to settle to keep building costs at $60 million. Some of the most eye-opening commentary in both films isn't even about art. The saleroom erupted in cheers and applause. This wall painting in the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, allowed Leonardo to explore how the body communicates inner states of being. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ARCHIVAL CLIP OF ARMAND HAMMER: I guess I'm wearing a great many hats. He created something he called the Codescope, which was software built to help museum-goers actually read da Vinci's backwards scrawl. Its the zenith of my career as an auctioneer. It came close. The sale of Vincent van Gogh's Sunflowers was the first time a "modern" (in this case 1888) painting became the record holder, as opposed to the old master paintings which previously had dominated the market. A jump to $370. Mona Lisa. At that time this was the 4th highest (unadjusted) price at auction and 10th highest price on this list. Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol are the best-represented artists in the list. There are all sorts of factors that come into play: condition, provenance. 1503-1519). The current record price is approximately US$450.3 million (which includes commission), paid for Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi (c.1500). And that's the number we're using to value it. Contemporary art, Mould told the Guardian, is where all the big money is. Twenty-eight million dollars, then. $450 million That price more than doubled the. So, we reached out to Martin Kemp, who is another da Vinci scholar, and an Oxford University emeritus professor. Two of his most important worksthe Battle of Anghiari and the Leda, neither of them completedhave survived only in copies. PETERSON-WITHORN: Yeah, when I heard about that $12 million sale, I remembered that the Codex had about 360 illustrations inside of it. And so, the first place we looked were the auction records for the Codex from the 1980 and the 1994 sales. Thanks for joining me. He was listed in the register of the royal household as pictor et ingeniarius ducalis (painter and engineer of the duke). In total, Christies said, 27,000 people had seen the work on a pre-sale tour with stops in Hong Kong, London and San Francisco. He's the head of the Books, Maps and Manuscripts department at Freeman's Auction House in Philadelphia. For example, on June 25, 2019, the American hedge fund manager J. Tomilson Hill bought a recently rediscovered Judith and Holofernes (1607) attributed to Caravaggio, two days before it would have been auctioned in Toulouse. As of 2023, Leonardo da Vinci's net worth is $320 million. The most famous paintings, especially old master works created before 1803, are generally owned or held at museums, for viewing by patrons. The Annunciation by Leonardo da Vinci. He was the auctioneer at the 1994 Christie's sale. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is one of the most intriguing personalities in the history of Western art. Leonardo da Vinci was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman the epitome of a true Renaissance man. I think it's the greatest acquisition I ever made. His was the last name on the 1988 provenance list; painting came from "a private collection in Arizona". It's not exactly known why he did that. In 1493 the clay model of the horse was put on public display on the occasion of the marriage of Emperor Maximilian to Bianca Maria Sforza, and preparations were made to cast the colossal figure, which was to be 16 feet (5 metres) high. Within two days he sold it to Rybolovlev for $127.5 million. On the telephone in this room at $28 million. Amid all of that the Codex went back to Christie's in 1994, where it was once again expected to bring $10 million. In 1993, Simon was hired by the trustees of the Armand Hammer Museum to do an appraisal of the Codex back when it was known as the Codex Hammer. The winning bidder would later be revealed to be Saudi Arabia's Prince. Hence, every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge, and saper vedere (knowing how to see) became the great theme of his studies. He decided that the Codex's fair market value was $50 million. Most observers agree that it is likely stashed in the Middle East, but some have speculated that it is stored in a tax-free zone in Geneva or even on the Prince's half-a-billion-dollar yacht. This sale tripled the previous record, and introduced a new era in top art sales. The source says he advised the government that "exhibiting under the Saudi conditions would be like laundering a piece that cost $450 million". Rybolovlev resold Te Fare in February 2017 at Christie's in London for $25 million. [13][14], Among the listed top 89, only six are paintings by non-Western artists. In this episode of Priceless, staff writer Michela Tindera and deputy wealth editor Chase Peterson-Withorn explain how Forbes determines the value of a one-of-a-kind Leonardo da Vinci manuscript that Bill Gates purchased in 1994. It's now been determined that his painting is not, in fact, a da Vinci. Oprah Winfrey had bought the painting in November 2006 at Christie's for nearly $88 million. Leonardo da Vincis total output in painting is really rather small; there are less than 20 surviving paintings that can be definitely attributed to him, and several of them are unfinished. In 1472 Leonardo was accepted into the painters guild of Florence, but he remained in his teachers workshop for five more years, after which time he worked independently in Florence until 1481. But we need a lot more information than that before we make our estimate. But, it makes up only about 0.1% of Gates' $134 billion fortune, which we estimated for the Forbes 400 this year. TINDERA: So keeping all of those things in mind and knowing what he does about the Codex today. The rest are owned by museums around the world. TINDERA: Right. Leonardo da Vincis parents were unmarried at the time of his birth near a small village named Vinci in Tuscany. And then amid. With its sleek narrative and a wide range of voices from dealers to art historians to investigative journalists, The Lost Leonardo is the better of the two films, and benefits greatly from using Modestini as its main character. The painting, which dates to around 1500, was lost to history for more than 200 years, was damaged and badly restored, and was sold and resold as a minor work, probably by a Leonardo acolyte. 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